Table 1.
The basic characteristics and diagnostic yield of the included studies for VI and SB.
| Study (Year) | Country | Study Design | Age (y) Mean ± SD |
Gender, MALE n (%) |
No. of SB | AEs n (%) |
No. of Patients | Raw Data of VI | Raw Data of SB | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VI | SB | TP | FP | FN | TN | TP | FP | FN | TN | |||||||
| Navaneethan et al. [18] (2016) | USA | Retrospective Multicenter | 62 ± 15.3 ‡ | 56 (53.3) ‡ | 1 (1–6) | 3 (2.9) | 44 | 44 | 18 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 17 | 0 | 3 | 24 |
| Ogura et al. [17] (2017) | Japan | Prospective Single center | 69 (43–89) | 24 (72.7) | 2.75 | 2 (3.7) | 30 | 28 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 16 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 18 |
| Shah et al. [16] (2017) | USA | Prospective Multicenter | 59.7 ± 8.3 ‡ | 57 (53) ‡ | NR | 3 (2.8) | 74 | 49 | 28 | 3 | 1 | 42 | 25 | 0 | 4 | 20 |
| Lenze et al. [14] (2018) | Germany | Retrospective Single center | 66 (54–77) ‡ | 38 (56.7) ‡ | 3 | 17 (25.4) | 67 | 29 | 24 | 1 | 3 | 39 | 12 | 1 | 7 | 9 |
| Turowski et al. [15] (2018) | Germany | Retrospective Multicenter | 68 ± 14.4 ‡ | 97 (47.1) ‡ | 1.31 | 33 (13.2) | 99 | 41 | 42 | 3 | 2 | 52 | 15 | 0 | 11 | 15 |
| Urban et al. [20] (2018) | Czech | Prospectively Single center | 67.3 ± 10.7 | 19 (63) | 5 (0–13) | 1 (3.3) | 30 | 30 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 13 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 17 |
| Dimas et al. [13] (2019) | Greece | Retrospective Single center | 64.2 ± 19.1 | 15 (62.5) | NR | 2 (8.3) | 19 | 19 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 8 |
| Yan et al. [12] (2019) | USA | Retrospective Single center | 59.7 (21–86) | 15 (68) | NR | 2 (4.0) | 22 | 15 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 5 |
| Bang et al. [11] (2020) | USA | RCT Single center | 66.4 ± 14.7 | 38 (61.3) | 1 (1–1.5) | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 17 |
| Gerges et al. [19] (2020) | multiple continents | RCT Multicenter | 62 (54–79) | 17 (54.8) | 1.18 | 2 (6.5) | 31 | 30 | 21 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 8 |
| Pereira et al. [10] (2020) | Portugal | Retrospective Single center | 61 ± 13 ‡ | 27 (62.8) ‡ | NA | 8 (18.6) | 41 | 41 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 14 | 0 | 8 | 19 |
‡ Represents data that contain other diseases that cannot be extracted; VI, visual impression; SB, SpyBite biopsy; M, male; AEs, adverse events; No., number; NA, not available; SD, standard deviation; values are mean ± SD (range), median (interquartile range), or n (%); TP, true positive; FP, false positive; FN, false negative; TN, true negative; RCT, Randomized Controlled Trial.