. 2020 Sep 8;9(9):1256. doi: 10.3390/foods9091256

Table 3.

Fatty acids profile in milk according to mode of supply of herbage to dairy cows: grazing, zero-grazing or grass silage.

Item (g/100 g Fatty Acids)	Grazing	Zero-Grazing	Grass Silage	SD ¹	p ²
4:0	5.57	5.36	5.31	0.286	NS
6:0	1.84 ^a	1.89 ^a	1.71 ^b	0.053	*
8:0	0.97	0.99	0.85	0.061	NS
10:0	2.07	2.11	1.71	0.223	NS
10:1 cis-9	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.005	NS
11:0	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.009	NS
12:0	2.14	2.45	1.97	0.271	NS
13:0	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.009	NS
14:0	9.82	10.14	8.98	0.699	NS
14:0 iso	0.22	0.20	0.21	0.010	NS
14:1 cis-9	1.00	1.13	0.92	0.104	NS
15:0	1.21	1.24	1.17	0.046	NS
15:0 iso	0.46	0.47	0.42	0.035	NS
15:0 anteiso	0.74 ^a	0.71 ^a	0.59 ^b	0.040	*
15:1 cis-10	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.003	NS
16:0	27.86	30.73	29.94	1.031	NS
16:1 cis-9	1.80	2.17	2.20	0.180	NS
17:0	0.58	0.64	0.65	0.028	NS
18:0	9.89	9.57	8.85	0.746	NS
18:1 trans-6 + 18:1 trans-9	0.50 ^a	0.41 ^b	0.39 ^b	0.024	*
18:1 trans-10	0.27 ^a	0.21 ^b	0.20 ^b	0.025	*
18:1 trans-11	5.08 ^a	2.77 ^b	2.01 ^b	0.745	*
18:1 trans-12	0.20 ^a	0.15 ^b	0.14 ^b	0.015	*
18:1 cis-9	21.59	21.97	25.52	1.521	NS
18:1 cis-11	0.37 ^b	0.44 ^b	0.57 ^a	0.051	*
18:1 cis-12	0.06 ^b	0.06a ^b	0.07 ^a	0.004	*
18:2 tran-9 trans-12	0.07 ^a	0.07 ^a	0.05 ^b	0.003	**
18:2 cis-9, cis-12	1.16 ^b	1.38 ^ab	1.60 ^a	0.124	*
18:2 cis-9 trans-11 (CLA ³)	2.29 ^a	1.37 ^b	1.05 ^b	0.218	**
Other isomers CLA	0.21	0.24	0.24	0.015	NS
18:3 cis-9 cis-12 cis-15	0.55	0.47	0.43	0.070	NS
18:3 cis-6 cis-9 cis-12	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.003	NS
20:0	0.21 ^b	0.25 ^a	0.27 ^a	0.012	**
20:3	0.15 ^b	0.22 ^ab	0.27 ^a	0.030	*
20:5	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.006	NS
20:2	0.01 ^c	0.02 ^b	0.03 ^a	0.001	***
20:3	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.011	NS
20:4	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.004	NS
20:1 cis-11	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.006	NS
21:0	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.005	NS
22:0	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.006	NS
22:5	0.10 ^b	0.11 ^b	0.15 ^a	0.012	*
22:6	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.009	NS
22:2	0.08	0.09	0.10	0.013	NS
23:0	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.006	NS
24:0	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.006	NS
Sum of fatty acids
∑ SFA ⁴	62.81	65.07	62.49	1.479	NS
∑ BCFA ⁵	1.43 ^a	1.39 ^a	1.22 ^b	0.053	*
∑ MUFA ⁶	30.98	29.43	32.16	1.417	NS
∑ cis-MUFA	24.93	25.89	29.41	1.743	NS
∑ trans-MUFA	6.05 ^a	3.53 ^b	2.75 ^b	0.791	*
∑ PUFA ⁷	4.78	4.11	4.13	0.271	NS
∑ n-6	1.45 ^b	1.70 ^ab	1.92 ^a	0.142	*
∑ n-3	0.83	0.79	1.00	0.062	NS
Ratios
PUFA to SFA	0.08	0.06	0.07	0.007	NS
UFA to SFA	0.57	0.52	0.58	0.037	NS
18:1 trans-11 to 18:1 trans-10	18.34 ^a	13.08 ^b	10.35 ^b	1.912	*
n-6 to n-3	1.77	2.17	2.10	0.189	NS

¹ Standard deviation. ² Statistical significance: NS: p > 0.05, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001. ³ Conjugated linoleic acid. ⁴ Saturated fatty acids. ⁵ Branched chain fatty acids ⁶ Monounsaturated fatty acids. ⁷ Polyunsaturated fatty acids. ^a, ^b, ^c Means followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different.