Table 2.
Different kinds of flavonols and their glycosides identified in Allium species.
| S. No. | Flavonol Aglycones/Glycosides | Plant Species | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Quercetin (Que) | A. cepa | [22] |
| 2 | Que-3-O-glucoside | A. cepa, A. sativum, A. flavum, A. macrostemon | [16,22,29,37,38] |
| 3 | Que-4′-O-glucoside | A. cepa | [16] |
| 4 | Que-3,4′-O-diglucoside | A. cepa, A. tuberosum | [16,22,36] |
| 5 | Que-3-O-rutinoside | A. cepa, A. chinense | [22,39] |
| 6 | Que-7-O-glucoside | A. cepa | [22] |
| 7 | Que-7-O-rhamnoside | A. cepa | [22] |
| 8 | Que-7,4′-O-diglucoside | A. cepa | [22] |
| 9 | Que-3,7-O-diglucoside | A. cepa | [22] |
| 10 | Que-3,7,4′-O-triglucoside | A. cepa | [16,22] |
| 11 | Que-3-O-rhamnoside | A. cepa, A. fistulosum | [22] |
| 12 | Que dimer | A. cepa | [22] |
| 13 | 4′-Glucoside of que dimer | A. cepa | [22] |
| 14 | Que trimer | A. cepa | [22] |
| 15 | Quercetin sophoroside glucuronide | A. tricoccum | [27] |
| 16 | Que hexoside glucuronide | A. tricoccum | [27] |
| 17 | Que sophoroside | A. tuberosum | [40] |
| 18 | Que-3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside | A. sativum | [37] |
| 19 | Kaempferol (Kae) | A. cepa, A. tuberosum | [36,41,42] |
| 20 | Kae-3-O-glucoside | A. cepa, A. sativum, A. flavum, A. ursinum, A. macrostemon | [22,29,37,38,43] |
| 21 | Kae-4′-O-glucoside | A. cepa | [22] |
| 22 | Kae-7,4′-O-diglucoside | A. cepa | [22] |
| 23 | Kae-7-O-glucoside | A. triquetrum | [44] |
| 24 | Kae-3,4′-O-diglucoside | A. cepa, A. tuberosum, A. macrostemon | [22,36,38] |
| 25 | Kae-3,7-di-O-rhamnoside | A. roseum | [45] |
| 26 | Kae-3,7-di-O-glucoside | A. macrostemon | [38] |
| 27 | Kae-3-O-glucuronide-7-O-rhamnosylglucoside | A. roseum | [46] |
| 28 | Kae-3-O-rutinoside | A. roseum, A. tuberosum, A. triquetrum | [36,44,46] |
| 29 | Kae-3-O-glucoside-7-O- glucuronide | A. roseum | [46] |
| 30 | Kae-7-O-glucuronide | A. roseum | [46] |
| 31 | Kae-3-O-glucuronide | A. roseum | [46] |
| 32 | Kae-7-O-(6”-malonyl)-glucoside | A. roseum | [46] |
| 33 | Kae-3-O-sophoroside | A. tuberosum, A. tricoccum | [27,36] |
| 34 | Kae-3-O-β-d-glucosyl-(1 2)-O-α-L-xylopyranoside | A. tuberosum | [36] |
| 35 | 3-O-β-d-(2-O-feruloyl)-glucosyl-7,4’-di-O-β-d-glucosylkaempferol | A. tuberosum | [36] |
| 36 | 3-O-β-sophorosyl-7-O-β-d-(2-O-feruloyl)-glucosylkaempferol | A. tuberosum | [36] |
| 37 | Kae-3-O-neohesperidoside | A. ursinum | [43] |
| 38 | Kae-3-O-flneohesperidoside-7-O-[2-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)]-fl-d-glucopyranoside, | A. ursinum | [43] |
| 39 | Kae-3-O-fl-neohesperidoside-7-O-[2-O-(trans-feruloyl)]-fl-d-glucopyranoside | A. ursinum | [43] |
| 40 | Kae-3-O-fl-neohesperidoside-7-O-[2-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-3-O-flD-glucopyranosyl-1-fl-d-glucopyranoside | A. ursinum | [43] |
| 41 | Kae-3-O-[2-O-(trans-p-coumaryl)-β-d-galactopyranosyl]-(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. porrum | [47] |
| 42 | Kae-3-O-[2-O-(trans-p-coumaryl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-(1→6)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. porrum,A. triquetrum | [44,47] |
| 43 | Kae-3-O-(2-O-trans-p-feruloyl)glucoside | A. triquetrum | [44] |
| 44 | 8-hydroxykaempferol 8-O-glucoside | A. triquetrum | [44] |
| 45 | Kae-3-O-[2-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. triquetrum | [44] |
| 46 | Isorhamnetin (Iso) | A. cepa | [48] |
| 47 | Iso-4′-O-glucoside | A. cepa | [16,22] |
| 48 | Iso-3-O-glucoside | A. cepa, A. vineale, A. macrostemon | [22,38,49] |
| 49 | Iso-3,4′-O-diglucoside | A. cepa; A. tuberosum | [16,22,40] |
| 50 | Iso-4′-O-galactoside | A. cepa | [16] |
| 51 | Myricetin | A. cepa | [41] |
| 52 | Fisetin | A. cepa | [41] |
| 53 | Morin | A. cepa | [50] |
Que: Quercetin; Kae: Kaempferol; Iso: Isorhamnetin.