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. 2020 Sep 11;21(18):6656. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186656

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Inhibitory effect of ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1 on LPS- toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) binding on macrophages. (a,b) Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated LPS for 20 min in the absence or the presence of 25 µg/mL of each ginsenosides or the combination of Rg2 and Rh1. In the combination of Rg2 and Rh1, Rg2 and Rh1 were mixed with a ratio of 1:1 (25 μg/mL of the combination contains 12.5 μg/mL Rg2 and 12.5 μg/mL Rh1). Cells were fixed and incubated with Anti-TLR4 antibody for 3 h followed by incubationwith Alexa Fluor 546 for 1 h. 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was counterstained for nuclear quantitation. The images were observed using a laser scanning confocal spectral microscope (Nanoscope systems). The bar indicates 30 μm. The relative quantification of the LPS-TLR4 binding was analyzed using Image J software and the expression is represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). *** p < 0.001 compared with control sample ### p < 0.001 compared with LPS-treated sample.