SMO	Smoothened
HH	Hedgehog
mTOR-Akt	Mammalian target of rapamycin-protein kinase B
PKA	Protein kinase A
SUFU	Suppressor on fused homolog
GPCR	G-protein-coupled receptor
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinases
FoxF1	Forkhead box F1
BMP4	Morphogenic protein 4
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
CRD	Cysteine rich domain
Gi	G inhibitory
GEFs	Guanine exchange factors
GTP	Guanosine-5′-triphosphate
GDP	Guanosine diphosphate
GAPs	GTPase-activating proteins
PLCγ	Phospholipase C gamma
HR	Hormone receptor
HER2	Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
TNBC	Triple negative breast cancer
ER	Estrogen receptor
PR	Progesterone receptor
DCIS	Ductal carcinoma in situ
IBC	Invasive breast cancer
Cyr61	Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61
VEGFR2	Vascular endothelial growth receptor 2
CA	Carbonic anhydrase
CAFs	Cancer-associated fibroblasts
CDKs	Cyclin-dependent kinases
LT	Liver transplantation
HBx	HBV gene product HBx protein
CDK1	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1
CHSY1	Chondroitin sulfate synthase 1
PDAC	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
TGF-α	Transforming growth factor-alpha
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FOLFOX	Folinic acid, Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin
FOLFIRI	Folinic acid, 5-FU, IRInotecan
AMC	Acute myelogenous leukemia
CSC	Cancer stem cell
hMSCs	Human mesenchymal stem cells