Table 2.

Barriers, motivations and reasons for the changes in the use of wild vegetables.

Theme	Reasons for Using Wild Vegetables More in the Past	Reasons for Underutilizing Selected Wild Vegetables Currently (Barriers)	Reasons for a Greater Use of Selected Wild Vegetables Currently (Motivations)
Availability	Easy to get (Mi, Ma) Still plenty of them (Mi) There were no other vegetables (Mi, Ma) Abundant forests (Mi, Ma) Spacious gardens (Mi) Collect their own (Ma)	Competitiveness (Mi, Ma) Not available in the market (Mi) Hard to get (Mi, Ma) Limited land (Mi) Not much available (Ma)	Can be obtained in the forest (Mi) Can be shared (Mi) There are no other vegetables (Mi) Land area available (Mi) Easy to get (Ma) At close range (Ma)
Livelihood and lifestyle	Community collection (Mi) People were gardening more (Mi) People were often going to the forest (Ma) Many enthusiasts (Ma)	Reduced interest (Mi) Not everyone likes it (Ma)	Many enthusiasts (Mi, Ma)
Food, consumption, health	People liked them (Mi) Food was needed every day (Ma) Healthy (Ma)	Taste disliked (Mi, Ma) Not consumed much (Ma)	People like them (Mi, Ma) These are required and eaten regularly (Mi, Ma) Rich in nutrients (Ma)
Income, marketing, economy	They are free (Mi, Ma)		No need to buy (Mi, Ma) Good economic value (Mi) Source of income (Mi)
Multifunctionality/processing	Easy to grow (Mi) Easy processing (Mi) Traditional processing (Ma)	Need good care (Mi) Processing is not easy (Mi)	Good benefits (Mi) Multiple benefits (Ma)
Knowledge and skills		Don’t know the taste (Mi) Don’t know that they can be consumed (Mi) Don’t know how to cook them (Ma)

Mi = Minangkabau; Ma = Mandailing.