Table 3.

Barriers, motivations and reasons for the changes in the use of wild fruits.

Theme	Reasons for Using Wild Fruits More in the Past	Reasons for Underutilizing Selected Wild Fruits Currently (Barriers)	Reasons for Greater Use of Selected Wild Fruits Currently (Motivations)
Availability	There were no other fruits (Mi, Ma) Seasonal (Mi, Ma) Many were available (Mi, Ma) Easy to collect or grow (Mi, Ma) People did not spray chemicals (Ma) Land was available (Ma)	Rare or extinct (Mi, Ma) Grow in the forest (Mi) They are only seasonal (Mi, Ma) Depends on the land (Mi) Hard to get (Mi, Ma) Decreasing from spraying agrichemicals (Ma) Not in the market (Ma) Difficult to cultivate (Ma)	There are no other fruits (Mi, Ma) Can be collected on your own (Mi) Easy to collect (Ma) Still plentiful (Ma)
Livelihood and lifestyle	People often went to the forest (Mi)	Not a big interest (Mi) People are busy and lack of time (Ma)	Many enthusiasts (Mi)
Food, consumption, health	People liked the taste (Mi, Ma) Natural and healthy (Ma)	Not so tasty (Mi) Taste preferences have changed (Ma)	They are tasty (Mi) Eaten every day (Mi) They are needed (Mi) Many people like it (Ma) Kids like them (Ma)
Income, marketing, economy	Can be sold (Mi) Cheap to purchase (Mi, Ma) No need to buy (Ma)		Can be sold (Mi) No need to buy (Ma)
Multifunctionality/processing		Used also as a medicine (Mi)	Can be cooked according to taste (Mi)
Knowledge and skills		Don’t know how to cultivate them (Mi) We don’t know them (Mi)

Mi = Minangkabau; Ma = Mandailing.