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. 2020 Oct 13;11:5146. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18940-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Average (bar) and champion PCE (circle) of PSCs made by bathing in antisolvents according to amounts of DMSO in the precursor solution with respect to the amount of perovskite. The gray error bars indicate standard deviation of PCEs. b PCE of tBuOH:EA derived PSCs depending on spin-coating duration. c PCE of PSCs fabricated by tBuOH:EA bathing for controlled time. In both figures, indigo dots represent average PCEs, bars indicate standard deviations, and small purple dots mean champion PCEs. d Current density-voltage (J-V) curves of champion devices fabricated by bathing in tBuOH:EA. Average PCE values were obtained from at least 12 devices for each condition.