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. 2020 Oct 13;11:5146. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18940-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Schematic illustration of table-top gravure printing. b SEM image of perovskite film fabricated by table-top gravure printing and subsequent bathing in tBuOH:EA. c Cross-sectional SEM image of flexible PSCs made by table-top gravure printing. Each layer was colored differently to distinguish it from the others. FAPbI₃ indicates (FAPbI₃)_0.95(MAPbBr₃)_0.05. (inset) Diagram illustrating the structure of device used in this study. d Representative J-V curves of gravure-printed PSCs with Spiro-OMeTAD. Spiro-OMeTAD was deposited by spin-coating (indigo), shear-coating (purple) or gravure-printing (salmon). e A J-V curve of champion device fabricated by gravure-printing. f Efficiency of the champion devices measured by MPPT technique.