Table 2.
GC-MS Characterization of Extracts from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) *.
| Rt (Min) | Compound | FE | HFE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LIPIDS | Area | g/100 g | Area | g/100 g | |
| Fatty acids | 2.30 | 35.21 | |||
| 12.69 | Fatty acid n.i. | n.d. | n.d. | 327,178 | 0.13 |
| 13.76 | Azelaic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 976,973 | n.q. |
| 14.09 | Tetradecanoic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 335,623 | 0.14 |
| 14.74 | n-Pentadecanoic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 643,202 | 0.18 |
| 15.43 | Palmitic acid | 2,556,971 | 0.47 | 42,547,201 | 6.50 |
| 15.84 | cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 873,397 | 0.22 |
| 15.97 | Heptadecanoic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 1,616,500 | 0.33 |
| 16.49 | Linoleic acid + oleic acid | 8,443,651 | 1.44 | 165,223,256 | 25.00 |
| 16.60 | Stearic acid | 1,976,029 | 0.38 | 10,112,280 | 1.61 |
| 17.41 | α-Linolenic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 1,386,960 | 0.29 |
| 17.50 | Fatty acid n.i. | n.d. | n.d. | 578,427 | 0.17 |
| 17.63 | Arachidic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 780,182 | 0.20 |
| 18.64 | Docosanoic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 498,225 | 0.16 |
| 19.11 | Fatty acid n.i. | n.d. | n.d. | 414,082 | 0.15 |
| 19.57 | Tetracosanoic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 244,503 | 0.12 |
| Glycerides | 0.38 | 7.08 | |||
| 18.26 | 2-Monopalmitin | n.d. | n.d. | 312,684 | 0.09 |
| 18.43 | 1-Monopalmitin | 660,615 | 0.22 | 749,955 | 0.25 |
| 19.08 | 2-Monoolein | n.d. | n.d. | 519,155 | 0.17 |
| 19.25 | 1-Monoolein | n.d. | n.d. | 1,333,086 | 0.45 |
| 19.35 | 2-Monostearin | 493,752 | 0.16 | 236,519 | 0.06 |
| 31.22 | Diglyceride n.i. | n.d. | n.d. | 326,190 | 1.32 |
| 32.15 | Diglyceride n.i. | n.d. | n.d. | 495,677 | 1.79 |
| 35.98 | Diglyceride n.i. | n.d. | n.d. | 305,674 | 1.27 |
| 37.32 | Diglyceride n.i. | n.d. | n.d. | 453,921 | 1.67 |
| NITROGEN COMPOUNDS | |||||
| Amino acids and derivatives | 5.96 | ||||
| 9.08 | l-Valine | 74,446 | 0.02 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 11.59 | Glutamic acid derivative n.i. | 1,157,128 | 0.27 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 11.67 | Glutamic acid | 21,256,096 | 4.97 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 11.77 | Glutamic acid derivative n.i. | 1,508,906 | 0.35 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 11.83 | Glutamic acid derivative n.i. | 705,448 | 0.17 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 12.58 | Phenylalanine | 485,697 | 0.11 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 14.78 | l-Tyrosine | 283,205 | 0.07 | n.d. | n.d. |
| Nitrogen compounds, non-protein | |||||
| 18.75 | Adenosine | 252,644 | n.q. | n.d. | n.d. |
| PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS | |||||
| 12.56 | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 320,566 | 0.03 |
| 12.56 | Phenolic compound n.i. | 599,743 | 0.05 | n.d. | n.d. |
| ORGANIC ACIDS | |||||
| 8.27 | Levulinic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 1,064,940 | n.q. |
| 12.40 | β-Hydroxy-β-methylglutaric acid | n.d. | n.d. | 288,134 | n.q. |
| CARBOHYDRATES AND DERIVATIVES | |||||
| Sugars | 1.73 | ||||
| 16.55 | Monosaccharide n.i. | 2,779,858 | 0.09 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 18.93 | Sucrose | 5,189,844 | 1.09 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 19.30 | Disaccharide n.i. | 1,134,911 | 0.24 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 19.53 | Disaccharide n.i. | 1,129,958 | 0.24 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 19.90 | Disaccharide n.i. | 199,114 | 0.04 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 21.24 | Disaccharide n.i. | 88,523 | 0.03 | n.d. | n.d. |
| Sugar alcohols | 1.70 | ||||
| 14.18 | Sugar alcohol n.i. | 2,851,411 | 1.55 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 15.85 | Sugar alcohol n.i. | 279,870 | 0.15 | n.d. | n.d. |
| TOCOLS | |||||
| 21.07 | α-Tocopherol | 122,692 | 0.10 | 330,911 | 0.26 |
| PHYTOSTEROLS | 0.82 | 1.86 | |||
| 21.81 | Campesterol | 152,569 | 0.12 | 332,792 | 0.26 |
| 22.38 | β-Sitosterol | 673,182 | 0.49 | 2,230,012 | 1.31 |
| 22.85 | Cycloartenol | 262,446 | 0.21 | 382,728 | 0.29 |
| OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS | |||||
| 9.96 | 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural | n.d. | n.d. | 794,089 | n.q. |
| NON-IDENTIFIED COMPOUNDS | |||||
| 9.53 | n.i. | n.d. | n.d. | 272,457 | n.d. |
| 9.96 | n.i. | 379,413 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 10.07 | n.i. | 640,401 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 15.64 | n.i. | 679,227 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 15.93 | n.i. | 613,602 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 16.95 | n.i. | 1,047,810 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
n.q. = not quantitated; n.i. = not identified; n.d. = not detected. * The content of each compound refers to their amount in a single extract derived from the mixture of at least five replicate extractions (FE) or three replicate hydrolysis (HFE).