Table 3.

GC-MS Characterization of Extracts from Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) *.

Rt (Min)	Compound	QE		HQE
	LIPIDS	Area	g/100 g	Area	g/100 g
	Fatty acids		18.67		57.37
10.81	Fatty acid n.i.	450,537	0.15	105,632	0.10
13.74	Azelaic acid	295,429	n.q.	624,302	n.q.
14.09	Tetradecanoic acid	n.d.	n.d.	967,829	0.23
14.60	Palmitic acid, methyl ester	n.d.	n.d.	564,801	0.17
14.74	n-Pentadecanoic acid	n.d.	n.d.	436,759	0.15
15.24	Palmitoleic acid	n.d.	n.d.	1,594,816	0.33
15.40	Palmitic acid	21,585,329	2.57	63,448,504	9.65
15.67	Linoleic acid methyl ester	709,965	0.19	1,460,352	0.31
15.79	Heptadecanoic acid	645,089	0.18	n.d.	n.d.
16.46	Linoleic acid + Oleic acid	112,939,760	13.82	292,989,296	44.26
16.57	Stearic acid	2,598,181	0.48	5,188,940	0.87
16.80	cis-10-Nonadecenoic acid	573,992	0.17	1,192,260	0.27
16.95	Nonadecanoic acid	717,759	0.19	n.d.	n.d.
17.11	Branched chain fatty acid n.i.	558,659	0.17	n.d.	n.d.
17.49	Fatty acid n.i.	1,977,879	0.38	2,625,371	0.48
17.62	Eicosanoic acid	388,780	0.14	664,297	0.19
18.52	cis-13-Docosenoic acid	834,878	0.21	1,910,933	0.37
	Glycerides		23.39		23.15
18.26	2-Monopalmitin	n.d.	n.d.	1,026,164	0.35
18.43	1-Monopalmitin	2,554,881	0.85	2,241,608	0.75
18.64	Monoglyceride n.i.	n.d.	n.d.	2,122,285	0.71
19.08	2-Monoolein	n.d.	n.d.	1,797,832	0.61
19.26	1-Monoolein	n.d.	n.d.	5,789,486	1.81
19.25	Monoglyceride n.i.	2,419,864	0.81	625,561	0.21
19.36	2-Monostearin	1,504,555	0.51	885,292	0.30
31.22	Diglyceride n.i.	1,711,567	5.09	892,885	2.87
32.15	Diglyceride n.i.	1,210,341	3.73	1,589,691	4.76
35.98	Diglyceride n.i.	1,895,510	5.59	1,322,477	4.03
37.33	Diglyceride n.i.	2,338,224	6.80	2,321,607	6.75
	NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
	Amino acids and derivatives		1.07
9.09	l-Valine	520,768	0.12	n.d.	n.d.
9.65	l-Leucine	593,774	0.14	n.d.	n.d.
9.82	l-Isoleucine	573,058	0.13	n.d.	n.d.
9.84	l-Proline	310,659	0.07	n.d.	n.d.
12.58	Phenylalanine	755,735	0.18	n.d.	n.d.
14.79	l-Tyrosine	1,841,249	0.43	n.d.	n.d.
	Nitrogen compounds, non-protein
18.76	Adenosine	859,568	n.q	n.d.	n.d.
19.03	Nucleoside n.i.	2,105,901	n.q	n.d.	n.d.
	PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS		0.49		1.20
11.91	Phenolic compound n.i.	301,007	0.03	352,057	0.03
12.50	3-Hydroxybenzoic acid	277,150	0.02	228,709	0.02
12.55	4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	316,918	0.03	742,472	0.06
13.56	Vanillic acid	658,070	0.06	2,287,118	0.19
13.97	Protocatechuic acid	1,574,802	0.13	1,100,106	0.09
15.70	Isoferulic acid	770,448	0.07	1,178,230	0.10
15.82	Phenolic compound n.i.	n.d.	n.d.	4,209,075	0.36
21.39	Quercetin	529,905	0.16	1,889,147	0.35
	ORGANIC ACIDS
8.31	Levulinic acid	n.d.	n.d.	6,678,331	n.q.
	CARBOHYDRATES AND DERIVATIVES
	Sugars		15.04
13.50	Monosaccharide n.i.	334,468	0.05	n.d.	n.d.
14.02	Monosaccharide n.i.	800,569	0.11	n.d.	n.d.
14.08	Monosaccharide n.i.	869,500	0.12	n.d.	n.d.
14.57	Monosaccharide n.i.	1,341,584	0.18	n.d.	n.d.
15.13	Monosaccharide n.i.	1,725,857	0.23	n.d.	n.d.
17.32	Monosaccharide n.i.	621,039	0.08	n.d.	n.d.
18.16	Monosaccharide n.i.	608,507	0.08	n.d.	n.d.
18.91	Disaccharide n.i.	761,289	1.67	n.d.	n.d.
18.99	Sucrose	70,842,522	12.52	n.d.	n.d.
	Sugar alcohols		0.88
13.37	Sugar alcohol n.i.	219,799	0.12	n.d.	n.d.
13.41	Sugar alcohol n.i.	310,261	0.17	n.d.	n.d.
14.89	Sugar alcohol n.i.	1,089,958	0.59	n.d.	n.d.
	TOCOLS
20.38	β-Tocopherol	710,062	0.51	987,442	0.68
21.09	α-Tocopherol + Branched chain alkylresorcinol C20:0	504,040	n.q.	494,045	n.q.
	ALKYLRESORCINOLS 1		1.79		1.04
20.57	Branched chain alkylresorcinol C19:0	301,095	0.10	131,551	0.04
20.73	Alkylresorcinol C19:0	157,677	0.05	91,436	0.03
20.86	Methyl alkylresorcinol C19:0 a	162,491	0.05	174,353	0.06
21.04	Methyl alkylresorcinol C19:0 b	89,956	0.03	105,698	0.03
21.22	Alkylresorcinol C20:0	63,163	0.02	66,606	0.02
21.44	Methyl alkylresorcinol C20:0	465,052	0.15	713,693	n.q.
21.56	Branched chain alkylresorcinol C21:0	632,613	0.21	341,593	0.11
21.66	Alkenylresorcinol C21:1	345,020	0.11	199,108	0.07
21.77	Alkylresorcinol C21:0	404,519	0.13	198,851	0.07
21.94	Methyl alkylresorcinol C21:0 a	363,033	0.12	355,126	0.12
22.05	Methyl alkenylresorcinol C21:1	89,517	0.03	84,248	0.03
22.10	Alkenylresorcinol C22:1	44,641	0.01	n.d.	n.d.
22.18	Methyl alkylresorcinol C21:0 b	135,872	0.04	198,437	0.07
22.24	Branched chain alkylresorcinol C22:0	588,653	0.19	376,310	0.12
22.53	Methyl alkenylresorcinol C22:1 + β-Amyrin	111,487	n.q.	157,275	n.q.
22.69	Methyl alkylresorcinol C22:0	372,702	0.12	327,208	0.11
22.84	Branched chain alkylresorcinol C23:0 a	294,763	0.10	n.d.	n.d.
22.99	Alkenylresorcinol C23:1	115,112	0.04	48,642	0.02
23.38	Methyl alkylresorcinol C23:0 a	185,482	0.06	165,900	0.05
23.77	Branched chain alkylresorcinol C24:0	238,231	0.08	93,178	0.03
24.41	Methyl alkylresorcinol C24:0	145,075	0.05	105,472	0.03
24.60	Branched chain alkylresorcinol C25:0	149,488	0.05	44,779	0.01
25.35	Methyl alkylresorcinol C25:0	41,486	0.01	34,293	0.01
25.89	Branched chain alkylresorcinol C26:0	43,240	0.01	n.d.	n.d.
	PHYTOSTEROLS		1.47		2.35
21.82	Campesterol	n.d.	n.d.	93,024	0.08
21.99	Stigmasterol	129,590	0.10	270,847	0.21
22.39	β-Sitosterol	847,328	0.60	1,629,923	1.02
22.81	Δ7-Stigmastenol	1,143,706	0.77	1,663,885	1.04
	OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
9.96	5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural	n.d.	n.d.	4,142,040	n.q.
19.56	Squalene	2,151,321	0.97	3,244,348	1.40
	NON-IDENTIFIED COMPOUNDS
10.68	n.i.	n.d.	n.d.	145,243	n.q.
11.87	n.i.	530,418	n.q.	n.d.	n.d.
13.11	n.i.	199,292	n.q.	n.d.	n.d.
13.61	n.i.	387,038	n.q.	n.d.	n.d.
14.53	n.i.	5,992,880	n.q.	n.d.	n.d.
14.68	n.i.	4,571,935	n.q.	n.d.	n.d.
16.57	n.i.	3,652,082	n.q.	n.d.	n.d.
17.59	n.i.	n.d.	n.d.	731,295	n.q.

¹ MARs with a methyl group at the n-2 carbon have been labelled with an “a” and those with a methyl group at the n-3 carbon with a “b”. In bcARs, such categorization corresponds to a different position of a methyl group along the alkyl chain, as proposed by Ross et al. [45]. n.q. = not quantitated; n.i. = not identified; n.d. = not detected. * The content of each compound refers to their amount in a single extract derived from the mixture of at least five replicate extractions (QE) or three replicate hydrolysis (HQE).