. 2020 Sep 22;9(9):903. doi: 10.3390/antiox9090903

Table 4.

Effect of various spice extract treatments on pH values and color coordinates (L*a*b*) of raw ground chicken legs during 12 days of refrigerated storage (4 °C).

Storage Days	Control	Nutmeg	Allspice	Bay Leaf	Black Seed	Cloves	Caraway	Cardamom
pH
0	6.33 ± 0.01 ^cB	6.35 ± 0.00 ^cD	6.25 ± 0.01 ^bB	6.35 ± 0.00 ^cBC	6.24 ± 0.02 ^bB	6.26 ± 0.00 ^bA	6.33 ± 0.02 ^cB	6.20 ± 0.02 ^aC
3	6.24 ± 0.01 ^cAB	6.24 ± 0.02 ^cCD	6.21 ± 0.01 ^bAB	6.25 ± 0.00 ^cAB	6.14 ± 0.01 ^aAB	6.21 ± 0.01 ^bA	6.24 ± 0.02 ^cAB	6.12 ± 0.02 ^aB
5	6.10 ± 0.03 ^aA	6.19 ± 0.06 ^bBC	6.16 ± 0.02 ^bAB	6.18 ± 0.02 ^bAB	6.14 ± 0.01 ^abAB	6.14 ± 0.02 ^abA	6.19 ± 0.02 ^bAB	6.10 ± 0.01 ^aB
7	6.17 ± 0.07 ^cAB	6.02 ± 0.01 ^aA	6.07 ± 0.01 ^abA	6.12 ± 0.03 ^bcA	6.09 ± 0.03 ^bA	6.09 ± 0.02 ^bA	6.13 ± 0.01 ^bcA	6.03 ± 0.00 ^aA
10	7.32 ± 0.22 ^cC	6.70 ± 0.17 ^bE	6.75 ± 0.15 ^bC	6.51 ± 0.18 ^abC	6.67 ± 0.17 ^bC	6.70 ± 0.21 ^bB	6.82 ± 0.12 ^bD	6.35 ± 0.03 ^aD
12	6.32 ± 0.11 ^cdB	6.08 ± 0.01 ^aAB	6.31 ± 0.16 ^bcdB	6.26 ± 0.14 ^abcAB	6.10 ± 0.01 ^aA	6.20 ± 0.09 ^abcA	6.49 ± 0.16 ^dC	6.11 ± 0.03 ^abB
L*
0	62.95 ± 0.75 ^eA	60.26 ± 0.49 ^cdA	58.95 ± 1.20 ^bcA	57.78 ± 1.09 ^abA	57.02 ± 0.19 ^aA	56.40 ± 0.78 ^aC	59.16 ± 1.03 ^bcA	61.18 ± 0.89 ^dA
3	63.55 ± 0.61 ^gA	61.10 ± 0.24 ^efAB	59.19 ± 1.15 ^cdA	58.43 ± 0.99 ^bcA	57.66 ± 0.13 ^abAB	56.54 ± 0.56 ^aC	60.33 ± 0.91 ^deA	62.01 ± 0.96 ^fA
5	63.40 ± 0.33 ^fA	61.14 ± 0.43 ^dB	58.99 ± 1.16 ^cA	58.65 ± 0.72 ^cA	57.48 ± 0.29 ^bBC	56.30 ± 0.49 ^aC	60.24 ± 0.68 ^deA	62.09 ± 0.70 ^eA
7	62.96 ± 0.52 ^eA	60.95 ± 0.45 ^dAB	58.37 ± 0.79 ^bcA	58.98 ± 0.59 ^cA	57.53 ± 0.38 ^bAB	55.46 ± 0.53 ^aBC	60.20 ± 0.69 ^dA	62.11 ± 0.50 ^eA
10	62.69 ± 0.74 ^fA	60.99 ± 0.54 ^deAB	57.45 ± 0.88 ^bA	58.91 ± 0.63 ^cA	58.05 ± 0.22 ^bcC	54.59 ± 0.66 ^aAB	60.29 ± 0.76 ^dA	61.82 ± 0.47 ^efA
12	62.50 ± 0.92 ^eA	61.11 ± 0.39 ^dAB	57.33 ± 0.84 ^bA	59.27 ± 0.49 ^cA	58.61 ± 0.40 ^cD	54.34 ± 0.36 ^aA	60.64 ± 0.66 ^dA	61.70 ± 0.43 ^deA
a*
0	4.42 ± 0.20 ^deC	4.98 ± 0.26 ^eB	3.75 ± 0.39 ^cdA	2.11 ± 0.27 ^bAB	1.29 ± 0.20 ^aA	6.07 ± 0.42 ^fA	4.38 ± 0.57 ^deAB	3.35 ± 0.57 ^cAB
3	6.21 ± 0.21 ^efE	6.68 ± 0.20 ^fgD	5.41 ± 0.32 ^cdD	3.54 ± 0.71 ^bC	2.41 ± 0.30 ^aC	7.35 ± 0.36 ^gD	5.90 ± 0.66 ^cdeC	5.26 ± 0.72 ^cC
5	5.60 ± 0.08 ^cdD	6.46 ± 0.16 ^eD	5.21 ± 0.39 ^cdD	3.26 ± 0.61 ^bC	2.40 ± 0.22 ^aC	7.28 ± 0.29 ^fCD	5.77 ± 0.55 ^deC	4.92 ± 0.66 ^cC
7	4.76 ± 0.13 ^cdC	5.90 ± 0.15 ^eC	4.92 ± 0.17 ^cdCD	2.79 ± 0.53 ^bBC	1.97 ± 0.17 ^aB	7.15 ± 0.36 ^fCD	5.28 ± 0.69 ^deBC	4.29 ± 0.49 ^cBC
10	3.40 ± 0.27 ^bB	5.05 ± 0.08 ^cB	4.59 ± 0.26 ^cBC	1.98 ± 0.40 ^aAB	1.36 ± 0.24 ^aA	6.70 ± 0.34 ^dBC	4.39 ± 0.82 ^cAB	3.18 ± 0.55 ^bA
12	2.85 ± 0.36 ^bA	4.36 ± 0.15 ^cA	4.30 ± 0.27 ^cB	1.51 ± 0.42 ^aA	0.96 ± 0.19 ^aA	6.45 ± 0.13 ^dAB	3.74 ± 0.66 ^cA	2.77 ± 0.47 ^bA
b*
0	13.11 ± 0.46 ^bcA	13.87 ± 0.30 ^cdC	10.84 ± 0.80 ^aA	14.14 ± 0.46 ^dA	10.15 ± 0.18 ^aA	14.49 ± 0.97 ^dAB	12.85 ± 0.37 ^bA	13.03 ± 0.14 ^bcD
3	13.03 ± 0.38 ^bcA	13.62 ± 0.18 ^cdBC	10.98 ± 0.70 ^aA	13.98 ± 0.34 ^dA	10.55 ± 0.10 ^aCD	15.01 ± 0.65 ^eB	12.89 ± 0.33 ^bcA	12.76 ± 0.12 ^bD
5	13.04 ± 0.44 ^bA	13.50 ± 0.24 ^bcBC	10.95 ± 1.04 ^aA	13.95 ± 0.31 ^cdA	10.59 ± 0.23 ^aD	14.61 ± 0.45 ^dAB	13.18 ± 0.34 ^bcA	12.84 ± 0.18 ^bD
7	12.75 ± 0.46 ^bA	13.14 ± 0.32 ^bcAB	10.76 ± 0.78 ^aA	13.73 ± 0.30 ^cdA	10.26 ± 0.13 ^aAB	14.07 ± 0.53 ^dAB	13.11 ± 0.36 ^bcA	12.53 ± 0.10 ^bBC
10	12.68 ± 0.35 ^bcA	13.15 ± 0.37 ^cdAB	10.54 ± 0.55 ^aA	13.93 ± 0.15 ^eA	10.19 ± 0.29 ^aAB	13.84 ± 0.53 ^deA	13.26 ± 0.42 ^cdeA	12.46 ± 0.16 ^bAB
12	12.54 ± 0.29 ^bcA	12.74 ± 0.25 ^cdA	10.11 ± 0.31 ^aA	13.77 ± 0.20 ^fA	9.93 ± 0.24 ^aA	13.46 ± 0.16 ^efA	13.08 ± 0.24 ^deA	12.22 ± 0.23 ^bA

All values are mean ± SD of the three replicates. (a–g) means with the same superscript within the same row are not different (p > 0.05, Duncan’s test)—effect of treatments; (A–E) means with the same superscript within the same column are not different (p > 0.05, Duncan’s test)—effect of time.