Table 1.

Comparison table of major diagnostic criteria and most frequently adopted cut-off points for sarcopenia.

EWGSOP 2010		EWGSOP2 2018		AWGS 2019		SDOC 2018
Creuz-Jentoft et al. (2010) [155]		Creuz-Jentoft et al. (2019) [1]		Chen et al. (2020) [28]		Bhasin et al. (2020) [156]
“Progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with low muscle strength or low physical performance.”		“Sarcopenia is identified by low muscle strength and confirmed by additional low muscle quantity. Low physical performance describes a severe status.”		“Age-related loss of muscle mass, associated with low muscle strength and/or low physical performance.”		“Low muscle strength defined by low grip strength and low physical performance defined by low usual gait speed should be included in the definition of sarcopenia.”
Low muscle mass		Low muscle strength		Loss of muscle mass		Low muscle strength
DXA	ASM/height2 < 7.26 kg/m2 in men ASM/height2 < 5.5 kg/m2 in women	Handgrip	<27 kg in men <16 kg in women	DXA	SM/height2 < 7.0 kg/m2 in men SM/height2 < 5.4 kg/m2 in women	Handgrip	<35.5 kg in men <20.0 kg in women
BIA	SM/height2 < 8.87 kg/m2 in men SM/height2 < 6.42 kg/m2 in women	Chair stand test	>15 s for 5 rises	BIA	SM//height2 < 7.0 kg/m2 in men SM/height2 < 5.4 kg/m2 in women
Low muscle strength		Low muscle quantity or quality		Low muscle strength		Low physical performance
Handgrip	<30 kg in men <20 kg in women	DXA, BIA	ASM < 20 kg in men ASM < 15 kg in women	Handgrip	<28 kg in men <18 kg in women	Gait speed	Cut points dependent on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disease
			ASM/height2 < 7 kg/m2 in men ASM/height2 < 5.5 kg/m2 in women
		MRI, CT	Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle
Low physical performance		Low physical performance		Low physical performance
SPPB	≤8 point score	Gait speed	≤0.8 m/s	6-m walk test	<1.0 m/s
6-m gait speed	<1.0 m/s	TUG	≥20 s	SPPB	≤9 point score
4-m gait speed	<0.8 m/s	SPPB	≤8 point score	Five-time chair stand test	≥12 s
		400 m walk test	Non-completion or ≥6 min for completion

ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; SM; total skeletal muscle mass; AWGS, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; CT, computed tomography; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; SDOC, Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium; SM, total skeletal muscle mass; SPPB, short physical performance battery; TUG, timed-up-and-go-test.