Figure 5.

Effect of CNM and hyperthermia combination on ROS generation and MAPK pathway in ACHN cells. ACHN cells were treated with CNM (0, 90 μM) with or without hyperthermia of 43 °C and incubated for 4 h. (a) Flow cytometry analysis on ROS generation was performed. Blue area indicates cells in M1 phase, red area indicates cells in M2 phase and gray area indicates cells in 37 °C control group. (b) Protein expressions of p-ERK, ERK, p-JNK, JNK, p-p38 and p38 MAPKs were measured using western blot assays. β-actin was used as a loading control. Representative blots are shown. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.