| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| OS | oligosaccharide |
| OSRU | core oligosaccharide substituted by one repeating unit of O-specific polysaccharide |
| MALDI-TOF | matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionisation time-of-flight |
| MS | mass spectrometry |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| COSY | correlated spectroscopy |
| TOCSY | total correlation spectroscopy |
| NOESY | nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy |
| HMBC | heteronuclear multiple bond correlation |
| HSQC | heteronuclear single quantum coherence |
| DEPT | distortionless enhancement by polarisation transfer |