Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects.
| Variables | Total | Subgroup |
|---|---|---|
| n | 31 | 21 |
| Age (years) | 63.3 ± 9.5 | 60.1 ± 9.8 |
| Male | 20 (64.5) | 15 (71.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 3.2 | 24.1 ± 3.0 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.2 ± 14.8 | 127.9 ± 14.6 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.5 ± 11.7 | 73.4 ± 10.9 |
| PPG (mmol/L) | 7.49 ± 1.63 | 6.95 ± 1.09 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol) | 55.4 ± 7.9 | 53.7 ± 6.1 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 7.06 ± 0.56 | 7.06 ± 0.56 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 79.7 ± 13.7 | 80.1 ± 14.9 |
| Duration of diabetes, (years) | 11.5 ± 11.0 | 8.3 ± 8.3 |
| Diabetic microangiopathy | ||
| Distal symmetric polyneuropathy | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0) |
| Retinopathy | 3 (9.7) | 2 (9.5) |
| Nephropathy | 4 (12.9) | 3 (14.3) |
| H2 blocker | 1 (3.2) | - |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 4 (12.9) | - |
| α-glucosidase inhibitor | 1 (3.2) | - |
| DPP4 inhibitor | 9 (29.0) | - |
Data are expressed as the number (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation. Subgroup: subjects that did not use an H2 blocker, a proton pump inhibitor, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, or a DPP4 inhibitor; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; PPG: postprandial plasma glucose; H2 blocker: histamine H2-receptor blocker; DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase IV.