Table 1.

Dual roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of cancer stem cell (CSC)-related features.

miRNA	CSC Origin *	Direct/Indirect Targets	Effects on CSC Properties		Ref. No.
			Induction	Suppression
miR-1	COAD	Notch3/Asef		Growth Migration Invasion	[22,64]
miR-25	LIHC	PTEN/PI3K/Akt/Bad	Resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis		[65]
miR-146a	BRCA	Notch/NF-κB	Self-renewal		[66]
miR-143	PCPG	Notch 1-3	Self-renewal		[22]
miR-708-5p	LUAD LUSC	Wnt/β-catenin		Stemness and related pathogenesis	[23,67]
miR-19a miR-19b	LUAD	Wnt/β-catenin	Tumorigenicity		[23,68]
miR-451	COAD	Wnt		Self-renewal Tumorigenicity Drug resistance	[69,70,71]
miR-15a	COAD	YAP1, DCLK1, BMI1, Bcl2		Stemness	[72]
miR-1246	@ NSCLC PAAD	MT1G CCNG2	Stemness Drug resistance		[73,74]
miR-548c-3p	PRAD	unknown	Self-renewal Radioresistance		[75]
miR-320	PRAD	Wnt/β-catenin		Self-renewal Stemness	[70,76]
miR-589-5p	LIHC	SOCS2/5/IL-6 PTPNI/11/IL-6 Stat3	Spheroid formation Tumorigenesis Chemoresistance		[77]
miR-181	LIHC	NLK/Wnt CDX2 GATA-binding protein 6	Stemness	Differentiation	[78]
miR-7	BRCA	SETDB1/STAT3		Proliferation Migration Invasion	[79]
miR-93	BRCA	TGF-β/Jak1/AKT3/SOX4/STAT3	MET CSC depletion		[80]
miR-193	BRCA COAD	PLAU K-Ras		Tumorigenicity Invasion	[70,81]
miR-34 cluster	COAD PAAD LUAD BRCA PRAD	p53 Notch1/2		Self-renewal Differentiation	[22,70,82]
miR-34a	PAAD PRAD	Bcl-2 Notch		Self-renewal	[22,83,84,85]
miR-34c-3p	GBM	Notch 2		Proliferation	[22,82]
miR-200 cluster	BRCA COAD	Notch		Self-renewal Differentiation Metastasis	[70,85,86,87]
miR-200c miR-141	PAAD BRCA	Notch		Drug resistance EMT	[22,88,89,90]
miR-22	BRCA	TET enzymes/miR-200	EMT Metastasis		[70,91,92,93]
miR-148a	LIHC	BMP/Wnt		Self-renewal Stemness	[94]
miR-302a/d	LIHC	E2F7/Akt1/β- catenin/Cyclin D		Self-renewal Proliferation	[95]
miR-17-92	PAAD	Nodal/Activin/TGF-β		Self-renewal Stemness	[96,97]
miR-206	BRCA	TWF1/MLK1-SRF/IL-11		Self-renewal Invasion EMT	[98]
miR-199a	BRCA	LCOR/IFN	Self-renewal		[99]
miR-765	SKCM	FOXA2	Self-renewal		[100]
miR-126	LCML	MAPK/ERK	Survival Self-renewal		[101,102,103]
miR-214	LIHC	CTNNB1/Wnt EZH2/Wnt		CSC number	[104]
miR-1246	LIHC	Axin2/β-catenin GSK3β/β-catenin	Stemness		[105]
Let-7b	LIHC	Frizzled4/Wnt		CSC number	[106]

* NCI-based TCGA-based abbreviations (https://gdc.cancer.gov/resources-tcga-users/tcga-code-tables/tcga-study-abbreviations): COAD, Colon Adenocarcinoma; BRCA, breast cancer; PCPG, Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma; LUAD, Lung Adenocarcinoma; LUSC, Lung squamous cell carcinoma; PRAD, Prostate Adenocarcinoma; PAAD, Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; GBM, Glioblastoma Multiform; LIHC, Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma; SKCM, Skin Cutaneous Melanoma, LCML, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. ^@ NSCLC: Non small cell lung cancer.