TABLE 3.

Summary of EBV-directed and immunomodulatory therapies for EBV LPD.

Preventive strategies
EBV vaccine development	Recombinant gp350 membrane antigen vaccine induces neutralizing antibody responses in up to 60% of subjects (206–208)
Treatment strategies
EBV-directed therapy	Induction of EBV lytic cycle sensitizes EVB LPD to antiviral agents in pre-clinical anemia models, cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma (OR 92%) (209, 210), systemic HL, and NHL (OR 67%) (211, 212)
Immuno-therapeutic	Third Party EBV-specific CTL have achieved durable responses in 60% of patients with EBV LPD including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (OR up to 70%) (213, 214)
	Latent protein-specific CTLs that are active against EBV can be expanded and can achieve responses in type 2 latency HL and NHL (OR up to 60%) (215–218)
	Cytokine therapy with low dose interleukin-2 results in expansion of immune effectors and Th1 responses patients with HIV-associated malignancies (219, 220)