SDF-1 is important for the paracrine actions of MSC to enhance neutrophil phagocytosis. Isolated peritoneal neutrophils were incubated with GFP-labeled E. coli (A) or E. faecalis (B) in the presence of no MSCs (black bars, n=4 in each group), shSCR MSCs (gray bars, n=5 or 4 respectively), or shSDF-1 MSCs (striped bars, n=6 or 4 respectively). P<0.0001 and P=0.0003 respectively, with significant comparisons † versus E. coli (− MSCs), § versus E. coli+shSCR MSCs. Next, isolated peritoneal neutrophils were incubated with GFP-labeled E. coli (C) or E. faecalis (D) in the presence of no conditioned medium (− CM, black bars, n=4), CM from shSCR MSCs (gray bars, n=4), or CM from shSDF-1 MSCs (striped bars, n=4). Neutrophils were also incubated with GFP-labeled E. coli (E) or E. faecalis (F) in the presence of no CM (− CM, black bars, n=4 or 5 respectively), CM from wild-type MSCs (gray bars, n=4 or 5 respectively), or wild-type MSC CM in the presence of AMD 3100, an antagonist of CXCR4 (striped bars, n=4 or 5 respectively). For (C) P<0.0001, (D) P<0.0001, (E) P=0.0165, and (F) P<0.0001, significant comparisons † versus no CM, and § versus CM from shSCR MSCs or no AMD 3100.