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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2020 Apr 17;43(6):433–449. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.012

Figure 3: A unified hypothesis for MNP responses in IRD and AMD:

Figure 3:

Adaptive responses by resident microglia express low levels of pathogenic cytokines, help eliminate toxic waste and slow down degeneration. When confounded by risk factors, such as genetic variants and environmental factors, microglia more readily express pathogenic cytokines and recruit monocytes. Such maladaptive responses by MNPs exacerbate retinal degenerative diseases.