TABLE 2. Description of health population interventions (n = 9).

Author, year	Reference principle	Intervention description	“Level of disadvantage” assessment	Evaluation of inequalities reduction	Main findings
Hogg et al, 2012	Progressive universalism	Explore the assessment of vulnerability and support needs of families, from the perspectives of parents and HVs, with a particular focus on ?the Lothian Child Concern Model.	Each family is offered four home visits by the HV between 10 days and 4–6 months after the birth, ?during which the parents and HV discuss the family’s health and health needs, and the HV provides information and advice as required.	Individually, through home-visits	Qualitative study (interviews of parents and health visitors)	The study findings significant the concept of ‘progressive universalism’ that provides a continuum that intensity of support to families, depending on need. Mothers would like better partnership working with health visitors.
Maharaj et al, 2012	PU	1 To demonstrate that community paediatrics can contribute to reduction of health inequalities by providing services that are accessible to and preferentially used by children whose health is likely to be affected by deprivation. 2 To provide a template for others to improve and monitor equity in their services.	New organisation of a pediatric service. Key features of the new service model are multi-agency working, accessibility, holistic assessment, comprehensive provision of services, and the fact that the service is available to all but able to respond proportionately to children with higher levels of need.	Indices of Multiple Deprivation	Access to care in the intervention area compared to a similar area, described by deprivation quintile	The new patient contact rate for the most deprived children in the population was more than three times that of the least deprived [odds ratio (OR) 3.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) [ 2.76–3.93].
Guillaume et al, 2017	PU	Assess the efficacy of MM in reducing social and geographic inequalities with regard to participation in breast cancer screening in a well-defined general population in a French territory.	National breast cancer screening combined with ?mobile mammography in one rural department in France (Orne). Experimentation in one rural department in France	Not specified	Not specified	After adjustment, invitation was associated with a significant increase in individual participation (odds ratio= 2.9)
Legrand et al, 2017 Briançon et al, 2020	PU	Evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention to address social inequalities in adolescents who are overweight and the impact of the interventions on adopting healthy behaviors, quality of life, anxiety and depression.	Standard-care management, according to the validated PRALIMAP trial was proposed for all adolescents, ?while strengthened-care management intending to address barriers was proposed for only socially less-advantaged adolescents of the intervention group.	Family Affluence Scale score	Comparison of the BMI after intervention among three groups constituted with results from Family Affluence Scale score	Trend to superiority for the less-advantaged group receiving the strengthened care management (reduction of BMI -0,06 [-0,11 to -0,01])
Burstrom et al, 2017 Barboza, 2018	PU	The intervention is expected to strengthen parents’ knowledge about children, improve the interaction between parents and children, increase the contacts of parents with other relevant societal actors, and strengthen their ?self-efficacy and well-being.	Extended postnatal home visiting programme: the intervention consists of five extra home visits when the child is aged between 2–15 months, jointly by a child health nurse and a social service parental advisor, offered to all parents of first-born children attending Rinkeby child health centre.	5 extra-visits are offered to all parents. Parents express their will to attend to additional visits	Mixed-method approaches (interviews, participation rates, review of child records …)	Study protocol
Bywater et al, 2018	PU	Does E-SEE Steps enhance child social ?emotional well-being at 20 months when compared with services as usual?	All intervention parents will receive an Incredible Years Infant book (universal level), and may be offered the Infant and/or Toddler group-based programme/s—?based on parent depression scores on the Patient ?Health Questionnaire or child social emotional well-?being scores on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2). Control group parents will receive services as usual.	Patient Health Questionnaire or child social emotional well-being scores on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2).	Not specified	Study protocol
Darquy et al, 2018	PU	Address socio-economic inequalities found in the existing organised programmes for cancer screening, in line with the established priorities ?of the national French Cancer Plan 2014–2019.	A programme open to all women aged 25–65, with targeted interventions for identified under screened populations (women over 50 yrs, unaware of their risks (precarious or homosexual women), vulnerable populations, women at increased risk of cervical cancer.	Preliminary studies to quantify non-participating women to the regular, universal screening.	Not specified	Study protocol
Dodge et al, 2019	Targeted Universalism	Description and evaluation of the program “Family Connects”	Family connect model, based on three pillars: one or more home visits (after child-birth), community alignment (community resources available for families), and data and monitoring (electronic health record shared by all stakeholders).	Individually, through home-visits	Two RCT and one field trial (interviews of parents): connectedness, parenting and parent mental health, child health and wellbeing	Families from interventions groups reported more connections to community resources, more positive parenting behaviours and fewer serious injuries or illnesses among their infants.

PU, proportionate unversalism