Table 2. Median and range of the percentage duration of behaviours of 48 sheep before and after laparoscopy.
Moments | M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Behaviour category | Median | Range | Median | Range | Median | Range | Median | Range |
Eat | 0c | 0–0 | 11b | 0–82 | 31.25a | 0–86 | 34ab | 0–71 |
Ruminate | 0b | 0–24 | 0ab | 0–41 | 4.04a | 0–20 | 4a | 0–44 |
Drink | 0 | 0–7 | 0 | 0–26 | 0 | 0–16 | 0 | 0–2 |
Urinate | 0 | 0–9 | 0 | 0–12 | 0 | 0–21 | 0 | 0–5 |
Defecate | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–19 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 |
Normal interaction | 44a | 0–100 | 0b | 0–91 | 7.15a | 0–95 | 61a | 0–97 |
Reduced interaction | 0a | 0–97 | 8a | 0–94 | 0a | 0–100 | 0b | 0–97 |
Absent interaction | 0 | 0–100 | 0 | 0–100 | 0 | 0–30 | 0 | 0–88 |
Normal locomotion | 23a | 0–57 | 0b | 0–68 | 0c | 0–47 | 14a | 0–50 |
Reduced/altered locomotion | 0b | 0–21 | 0a | 0–25 | 0b | 0–40 | 0a | 0–47 |
Absent/abnormal locomotion | 0b | 0–70 | 2a | 0–100 | 0ab | 0–60 | 0b | 0–30 |
Head above the withers | 11a | 0–80 | 0b | 0–50 | 0b | 0–67 | 21a | 0–86 |
Head at the height of the withers | 0 | 0–68 | 0 | 0–78 | 0 | 0–87 | 0 | 0–81 |
Head below the withers | 10a | 0–70 | 13a | 0–81 | 6.46b | 0–60 | 5b | 0–25 |
Standing still in normal posture | 61b | 33–89 | 67ab | 0–94 | 73.87a | 0–100 | 74ab | 10–92 |
Standing in altered posture | 5a | 0–31 | 6a | 0–37 | 1.04ab | 0–60 | 0b | 0–8 |
Kick and stamp the limbs on the ground | 0b | 0–0 | 0ab | 0–5 | 0b | 0–0 | 0a | 0–14 |
Lying down with extension of the head and neck and/or limb(s) | 0ab | 0–31 | 0a | 0–38 | 0ab | 0–60 | 0b | 0–11 |
Lying down | 0 | 0–31 | 0 | 0–90 | 0 | 0–35 | 0 | 0–44 |
Lying down with head turned back | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 |
Lying with head supported on or close to the ground | 0 | 0–28 | 0 | 0–100 | 0 | 0–32 | 0 | 0–0 |
Look at affected area | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 |
Lick the affected area | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 |
Quick and repeated tail movements | 0 | 0–40 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 |
Keep the tail straight | 0 | 0–22 | 0 | 0–6 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–50 |
Arch the back | 0b | 0–0 | 0a | 0–34 | 0ab | 0–13 | 0ab | 0–7 |
Body tremors | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–11 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0–0 |
The proportion of duration of each behavioural category was calculated based on the total time of each period of evaluation (20 mins). Different letters express significant differences between moments (values in bold express differences at M2 compared to M1, or M3, or M4) with a>b>c, according to the Friedman test (p <0.05) [19,29]. M1: preoperative; M2—postoperative, before rescue analgesia; M3—postoperative, after rescue analgesia; M4 - 24h after surgery.