left: High-gamma traces for six single trials (one per VOT condition, as indicated by line color; 0ms VOT = red; 50ms VOT = blue; example trials shown for visual simplicity) in each of two example VOT-sensitive electrodes (e1: voiceless-selective; e2: voiced-selective; same electrodes as shown in Figure 1 of the main text). Black dots indicate the peak high-gamma amplitude and latency for each trial. There is clear variation among single trials in the peak’s timing and amplitude. middle: The latency of the peak, tp, (in seconds) for each trial (n = 234 total trials; color of circles corresponds to trial’s voicing category: /b/ = red; /p/ = blue) projected into a 2-dimensional space, with the vertical and horizontal dimensions representing the two example electrodes (e1 vs. e2). Trials were selected such that peaks occurred between 0 and 0.5 seconds after stimulus onset. This panel illustrates the lack of a reliable difference between voicing categories based on the peak latency. right: The amplitude of the peak, HGz(tp), for each trial projected into the same 2-dimensional space illustrates the highly reliable difference between voicing categories based on peak amplitude.