Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| 336 (100%) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 186 (55.4) |
| Female | 150 (44.6) | |
| Age group (years) | 0–49 | 19 (5.7) |
| 50–59 | 16 (4.8) | |
| 60–69 | 49 (14.6) | |
| 70–79 | 78 (23.2) | |
| 80–89 | 109 (32.4) | |
| 90+ | 65 (19.3) | |
| Pre-injury ASA scorea | ASA score of 1 | 33 (9.8) |
| ASA score of 2 | 89 (26.5) | |
| ASA score of 3 | 187 (55.7) | |
| ASA score of 4 | 26 (7.7) | |
| Not available | 1 (0.3) | |
| Dependence in daily life | Home – independent | 220 (65.5) |
| Home – with assistance | 62 (18.5) | |
| Institution | 53 (15.8) | |
| Not available | 1 (0.3) | |
| Injury mechanism | Fall | 288 (85.7) |
| Motorized vehicle (MV) | 16 (4.8) | |
| Bicycle | 15 (4.5) | |
| Pedestrian hit by MV or bicycle | 5 (1.4) | |
| Other | 12 (3.6) | |
| Odontoid fracture | Type II | 199 (59.2) |
| Type III | 137 (40.8) | |
| Other spine fractures | C1 | 64 (19.1) |
| C0 (occipital condyle) | 9 (2.7) | |
| C3 – Th1 | 27 (8.1) | |
| Thoracolumbar | 30 (8.9) | |
| Spinal cord injury (SCI) | Odontoid fx | 13 (3.9) |
| Other cervical fx | 1 (0.3) | |
| Thoracolumbar fx | 2 (0.6) | |
| Multi-trauma | Yes | 143 (42.6) |
| TBIb - Mild | 91 (27.1) | |
| TBI - Moderate | 11 (3.3) | |
| TBI - Severe | 9 (2.7) | |
| Face | 29 (8.6) | |
| Thoracolumbar fx | 30 (8.9) | |
| Thorax | 29 (8.6) | |
| Abdomen | 5 (1.5) | |
| Pelvic | 5 (1.5) | |
| Extremity | 27 (8.0) |
aASA American Society of Anesthesiologists
bTBI Traumatic Brain Injury