Table 4.

Daily Step count

Study	Participant information	Length of stay (LOS) (days), disease characteristics	Device, duration of recording	Mean steps	Comments/transformations performed
Villumsen et al. 2015 [41] (Denmark)	N:100 Age: 84 ± 6.3 Male:40%	LOS: 14.2 ± 8.3 Diagnoses: mixed acute	ActivPAL Recorded 24hrs/day from day 3 to discharge	Daily steps: 554 ± 836.5	Median results converted to mean
Ueda et al. 2016 [33] (Japan)	N: 45 Age: 82.4 (Whole group) Male: 49% (Whole group)	LOS: 18.1 (Whole group) Diagnoses: heart failure	Mediwalk Pedometer recorded day 2 of admission until day 10	Daily steps: 259.8 ± 389.5	Median results converted to mean. Oral and IV group results for mean age, LOS and steps were combined. Pedometer data available for 45/50 participants (age, gender and LOS are whole group results)
Fisher et al. 2016 [44] (USA)	N: 164 Age: 76.3 ± 7 Male: 29%	LOS: 5.2 ± 4.3 Diagnoses: mixed acute	StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) Recording 24 h/day from admission to discharge	Steps/24 h: 765 ± 850.4	Median results converted to mean
Lim et al. 2018 [45] (UK)	N: 38 Age: 87.8 ± 4.8 Male: 47%	LOS: Mean no. of days recorded: M 4.8. F 3.8 Diagnoses: mixed acute	SAM Recorded 24 h/day for 7 days or until discharge, whichever sooner	Daily steps: 1162.3 ± 914.5	Median results converted to mean. Lower limb accelerometery data only extracted
McCullagh et al. 2016 [39] (Ireland)	N: 154 Age: 77.5 ± 7.4 Male: 50%	LOS: 8.1 ± 5.4 Diagnoses: mixed acute	SAM Recorded continuously for first 7 days or until discharge, whichever sooner	Daily steps: 764.4 ± 706	No transformation required
Ostir et al. 2013 [40] (USA)	N: 224 Age: All 65 +  Male:34%	LOS: Whole group mean not reported Diagnoses: mixed acute	SAM Applied within 24 h of admission, recorded until discharge	Steps/24 h: 883.5 ± 1289.7	Median results converted to mean. Data was collected on the 1st and last 24 h of admission only—these results have been averaged
Floegel et al. 2019 [35] (USA)	N: 27 Age: 78.0 ± 9.8 Male:48%	LOS: 5 ± 3.9 Diagnosis: heart failure	Tractivity Recorded 24 h/day from recruitment to discharge	Steps/24 h: 1447 ± 1184	No transformation required
Sallis et al. 2015 [46] (USA)	N: 287 Age: All over 65 Male: 43% (whole group)	LOS: 3.98 ± 3.8 (whole group) Diagnoses: mixed acute	Tractivity Recorded 24 h/day from admission to discharge	Steps/24hrs: 1132 ± 1202.9	Data collected on 1st and last 24hrs of admission only – these results have been averaged. Age, gender and LOS details not available for subset of interest (medical patients 65 +)

All figures mean ± standard deviation (SD) unless stated

N number of participants, LOS length of stay, IV intravenous, SAM StepWatch Activity Monitor, M male, F female