Table 1. Characteristics of participants.
| Men (n = 7,944) | Women (n = 8,746) | |
| N (%) | N (%) | |
| Age, years | ||
| 65–69 | 2,731 (34.4%) | 2,844 (32.5%) |
| 70–74 | 2,332 (29.4%) | 2,531 (28.9%) |
| 75–79 | 1,656 (20.8%) | 1,800 (20.6%) |
| ≥80 | 1,225 (15.4%) | 1,571 (18.0%) |
| Mobility of SSS | ||
| Persistently high | 2,042 (25.7%) | 2,756 (31.5%) |
| Downward mobility | 1,588 (20.0%) | 2,622 (30.0%) |
| Upward mobility | 2,829 (35.6%) | 2,114 (24.2%) |
| Persistently low | 1,485 (18.7%) | 1,254 (14.3%) |
| Heighta | ||
| Short | 580 (7.3%) | 1,071 (12.2%) |
| Middle-short | 1,331 (16.8%) | 2,442 (27.9%) |
| Middle | 2,498 (31.4%) | 2,884 (33.0%) |
| Middle-tall | 2,066 (26.0%) | 1,461 (16.7%) |
| Tall | 1,092 (13.7%) | 389 (4.4%) |
| Missing | 377 (4.7%) | 499 (5.7%) |
| Equalized income, million yen | ||
| High (≥4.00) | 851 (10.7%) | 782 (8.9%) |
| Middle (2.00–3.99) | 2,846 (35.8%) | 2,569 (29.4%) |
| Low (<2.00) | 3,201 (40.3%) | 3,506 (40.1%) |
| Missing | 1,046 (13.2%) | 1,889 (21.6%) |
| Education, years | ||
| High (≥13) | 1,654 (20.8%) | 971 (11.1%) |
| Middle (10–12) | 2,528 (31.8%) | 2,930 (33.5%) |
| Low (≤9) | 3,465 (43.6%) | 4,538 (51.9%) |
| Other/Missing | 297 (3.7%) | 307 (3.5%) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 6,748 (84.9%) | 5,056 (57.8%) |
| Widowed | 611 (7.7%) | 2,846 (32.5%) |
| Divorced | 181 (2.3%) | 321 (3.7%) |
| Unmarried | 102 (1.3%) | 190 (2.2%) |
| Others/Missing | 302 (3.8%) | 333 (3.8%) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Non-smoker | 1,873 (23.6%) | 7,066 (80.8%) |
| Smoker/ex-smoker | 5,516 (69.4%) | 674 (7.7%) |
| Missing | 555 (7.0%) | 1,006 (11.5%) |
| Alcohol intake | ||
| Current drinker/Ex-drinker | 4,778 (60.1%) | 1,332 (15.2%) |
| Non-drinker | 2,698 (34.0%) | 6,923 (79.2%) |
| Missing | 468 (5.9%) | 491 (5.6%) |
| Walking time | ||
| <30 min/day | 2,354 (29.6%) | 2,869 (32.8%) |
| ≥30 min/day | 5,156 (64.9%) | 5,279 (60.4%) |
| Missing | 434 (5.5%) | 598 (6.8%) |
| Body weight status (BMI), kg/m2 | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 424 (5.3%) | 699 (8.0%) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 5,397 (67.9%) | 5,749 (65.7%) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 1,612 (20.3%) | 1,550 (17.7%) |
| Obesity (≥30.0) | 128 (1.6%) | 228 (2.6%) |
| Missing | 383 (4.8%) | 520 (5.9%) |
| Depressive symptoms | ||
| No depression (GDS <5) | 4,970 (62.6%) | 5,130 (58.7%) |
| Moderate depression (GDS 5–9) | 1,406 (17.7%) | 1,490 (17.0%) |
| Depression (GDS ≥10) | 496 (6.2%) | 539 (6.2%) |
| Missing | 1,072 (13.5%) | 1,587 (18.1%) |
BMI, body mass index; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; SSS, subjective socioeconomic status.
aHeight (<155, 155–159.9, 160–164.9, 165–169.9, and ≥170 cm for men and <145, 145–149.9, 150–154.9, 155–159.9, and ≥160 cm for women).