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Comparison of ζ-potential at pH 7.4 of different groups. The SLA-Ca2+ group has the lowest absolute value of ζ-potential compared to the other three groups. There were no significant differences between the ζ-potential values in the SLA-NaCl and SLA-Ca2+-NaCl groups, but they were significantly lower than that in the SLA group. **P < 0.01 compared with SLA-Ca2+, ##P < 0.01 compared with SLA-NaCl, and &&P < 0.01 compared with SLA-Ca2+-NaCl.
