Table 1.
Spearman correlation coefficients: deaths (confirmed and suspected from COVID-19) vs. socio-environmental indicators, considering 96 districts with a total of 12,252,023 people
| Social indicator (at district level) | Spearman correlation coefficient | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Population (people) | 0.90 | 0.00000* |
| 60 years and older (people) | 0.80 | 0.00000* |
| Population density (people/km2) | 0.41 | 0.00003 |
| Population density of 60 years and older (people/km2) | 0.19 | 0.06316 |
| Number of households | 0.85 | 0.00000* |
| Average people per household | 0.46 | 0.00000* |
| Number of informal urban settlements | 0.69 | 0.00000* |
| Illiteracy (%) | 0.09 | 0.36422 |
| Graduates of higher education (%) | −0.15 | 0.15163 |
| Average income (R$ per capita per month) | −0.16 | 0.11825 |
| Access to potable water (%) | –0.28 | 0.00590 |
| Access to toilet and potable water (%) | −0.03 | 0.78638 |
| Household with two or more people per bedroom (%) | 0.16 | 0.12900 |
| Urban household with solid waste collection (%) | –0.24 | 0.02000 |
| Household with access to electricity (%) | –0.22 | 0.03418 |
| Household with inadequate sanitation (%) | 0.17 | 0.09198 |
| Substandard settlements (%) | 0.01 | 0.95909 |
| Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) | −0.18 | 0.08335 |
NOTES:
R$: reais, Brazilian currency. US$ 1 = R$ 5.32, as of 10 September 2020.
In bold: significant correlation at α = 0.05.
*
Less than 10-6.