Table 1.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Visit Types.

Visit type	Advantages	Disadvantages
Phone calls	Most residents are familiar with formatAll LTC homes have telephonesAll family members have telephonesFamilies that live far away can connect	Talking without visual cues can be difficult for both resident and familyCan be difficult for residents with poor hearingNot all residents have a telephone in room, so calls must be made in more public spaces, limiting privacySome residents are unable or do not communicate verbally, or are deafSome residents become confused about who they are speaking withThorough infection control required between uses
Video calls	Residents and family can see each otherFamilies can share other things on screen like pictures or engage in activities like cookingMore than one person can visit on the screen either from the same location, or from different locations via group chatsFamilies that live far away can connect	Require tablets or computers for family and LTC homeRequire understanding of video calling apps for family, residents and staffRequire consistent apps for both parties involvedResidents may become confusedRequires strong internet accessSome residents do not respond to a screenThorough infection control required between uses
Window Visits	Does not rely on technologyResidents and family can see each other live, in-personCan use multiple cues to communicate with residents: phone speakers, whiteboards, pictures, physical and facial expressions	Requires availability of physical spaceCommunication through window can be challengingTransporting residents through the building to a window during an outbreak may be problematic or prohibitedInfection control of window is required if touched by residents and familiesSome residents are confused why families cannot come inside
Outdoor Visits	Does not rely on technology	Weather-dependent
	Residents and family can see each other live, in-person	Require availability of outdoor space
		Transporting residents through the building during an outbreak may be problematic or prohibited
		Mask-wearing regulations make communication difficult
		Families are unable to touch, assist, and hug the resident
		Some residents are confused about physical distancing and mask requirements