Table 5.

Post-NPIs changes in daily Google mobility indexes, with country characteristics interactions, FE, all countries, N = 1582

	places of	shopping &	transit	parks and
	residence	restaurants	stations	beaches	workplaces
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
SH {0, 1}	6.5930***	− 21.4214***	− 19.8816***	− 15.5681***	− 15.4178***
	(0.5290)	(1.4970)	(1.3895)	(1.8600)	(1.4005)
ET {0, 1}	2.2441**	− 5.8202*	− 4.6262	− 5.3257	− 3.6612
	(1.1211)	(3.1722)	(2.9444)	(3.9414)	(2.9677)
SWC {0, 1}	8.6343***	− 23.2667***	− 23.4267***	− 12.7039***	− 20.1859***
	(0.3171)	(0.8954)	(0.8311)	(1.1126)	(0.8377)
ET {0, 1} * ln GDP pc	− 1.5158	4.1972	− 0.7336	− 4.6578	2.6772
	(1.4852)	(4.2025)	(3.9007)	(5.2215)	(3.9315)
SWC {0, 1}* ln GDP pc	0.7065	0.858	− 1.5153	4.7728***	− 1.5192
	(0.5142)	(1.4550)	(1.3505)	(1.8078)	(1.3612)
ET {0, 1} * Pop density	− 4.5089	13.1933	18.1349	− 1.3452	6.5612
	(5.2793)	(14.9403)	(13.8677)	(18.5631)	(13.9771)
SWC {0, 1} * Pop density	1.133	1.0448	3.6166*	− 1.0372	− 2.1305
	(0.7348)	(2.0769)	(1.9278)	(2.5806)	(1.9430)
ET {0, 1} * ln surface area	− 1.4672	0.3524	1.9539	− 1.4346	3.3944
	(1.3305)	(3.7653)	(3.4949)	(4.6783)	(3.5225)
SWC {0, 1} * ln surface area	− 2.3717***	8.1015***	7.3160***	5.0127***	6.0197***
	(0.3706)	(1.0430)	(0.9681)	(1.2959)	(0.9757)
ET {0, 1} * PM2.5	− 1.9791*	2.3528	4.772	10.6139***	4.104
	(1.1413)	(3.2297)	(2.9978)	(4.0128)	(3.0215)
SWC {0, 1} * PM2.5	− 2.6580***	4.6792***	4.5335***	3.6869***	6.1490***
	(0.3192)	(0.9033)	(0.8385)	(1.1224)	(0.8451)
ET {0, 1}* Empl. rate	− 0.1424	− 5.193	− 2.9941	0.4974	1.4675
	(1.2421)	(3.5151)	(3.2627)	(4.3675)	(3.2885)
SWC {0, 1}* Empl. rate	− 0.9886***	3.9615***	3.2151***	2.5259**	4.1719***
	(0.3638)	(1.0282)	(0.9544)	(1.2776)	(0.9619)
ET {0, 1}* Health expend. %GDP	− 0.2805	2.6961	4.1755	− 0.1222	0.9763
	(1.1750)	(3.3253)	(3.0865)	(4.1316)	(3.1109)
SWC {0, 1}* Health expend. %GDP	− 0.7943**	2.0899**	0.3806	4.8882***	1.1686
	(0.3567)	(1.0095)	(0.9370)	(1.2542)	(0.9444)
ET {0, 1} * Physicians/1000	4.4913**	− 8.9163	− 10.0033*	− 16.7206**	− 10.9613**
	(1.9555)	(5.5339)	(5.1366)	(6.8758)	(5.1772)
SWC {0, 1}* Physicians/1000	0.8598	− 7.2728***	− 4.2720***	− 8.1505***	− 2.1567
	(0.5406)	(1.5294)	(1.4196)	(1.9002)	(1.4308)
ET {0, 1} * % 65 yo +	− 2.6676	0.9514	6.6116	20.9118***	4.6088
	(2.1159)	(5.9879)	(5.5580)	(7.4399)	(5.6019)
SWC {0, 1} * % 65 yo +	− 2.6986***	4.6789***	4.7986***	6.5452***	6.0396***
	(0.5132)	(1.4518)	(1.3476)	(1.8039)	(1.3582)
R2 adj.	0.671	0.656	0.707	0.539	0.602

Note: The subset of “all countries” includes 88 countries. Google mobility data shows how time spent in different location categories changed compared to the baseline days (a normal value for that day of the week in the 5-week period Jan 3 – Feb 6, 2020). ET denotes extensive testing NPI; SWC denotes schools and/or workplaces closures; SH denotes “stay-at-home” NPI. Coefficients presented, standard errors in parenthesis. Statistical significance is denoted as ^∗10%, ^∗∗5%, and ^∗∗∗1% levels