Table 8.
Selected NPIs and COVID-19 transmission rate, with country characteristics interactions, FE, all countries, N = 7215
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SH | 0.3907*** | 0.3505*** | 0.3602*** | 0.3392*** | 0.3595*** | 0.3482*** | 0.3900*** | 0.3937*** |
| (0.0454) | (0.0452) | (0.0456) | (0.0455) | (0.0457) | (0.0459) | (0.0466) | (0.0469) | |
| SWC | 0.6477*** | 0.5713*** | 0.7280*** | 0.6779*** | 0.6549*** | 0.6176*** | 0.5904*** | 0.6603*** |
| (0.0356) | (0.0364) | (0.0366) | (0.0389) | (0.0393) | (0.0357) | (0.0361) | (0.0392) | |
| ET | 0.4097*** | 0.3735*** | 0.3090*** | 0.2560*** | 0.2864*** | 0.3556*** | 0.3695*** | 0.2645*** |
| (0.0390) | (0.0403) | (0.0466) | (0.0494) | (0.0497) | (0.0409) | (0.0409) | (0.0520) | |
| ET* ln GDP pc | 0.1694*** | 0.1949*** | 0.1589*** | − 0.1595* | ||||
| (0.0470) | (0.0521) | (0.0541) | (0.0837) | |||||
| SWC* ln GDP pc | 0.2532*** | 0.1308*** | 0.1880*** | 0.3281*** | ||||
| (0.0323) | (0.0384) | (0.0413) | (0.0592) | |||||
| ET * Pop density | − 0.4710** | − 0.4873** | − 0.4292* | − 0.5744** | ||||
| (0.2272) | (0.2270) | (0.2276) | (0.2320) | |||||
| SWC* Pop density | − 0.3682*** | − 0.3864*** | − 0.3760*** | − 0.3712*** | ||||
| (0.0535) | (0.0536) | (0.0536) | (0.0553) | |||||
| ET* ln surface area | 0.0534 | 0.0752 | 0.0852 | − 0.0035 | ||||
| (0.0517) | (0.0521) | (0.0521) | (0.0561) | |||||
| SWC* ln surface area | − 0.2478*** | − 0.2254*** | − 0.2327*** | − 0.2316*** | ||||
| (0.0414) | (0.0419) | (0.0419) | (0.0426) | |||||
| ET* PM2.5 | 0.0234 | 0.0576 | 0.0474 | 0.1758*** | ||||
| (0.0395) | (0.0425) | (0.0427) | (0.0521) | |||||
| SWC* PM2.5 | − 0.2428*** | − 0.1909*** | − 0.1841*** | − 0.2382*** | ||||
| (0.0283) | (0.0320) | (0.0321) | (0.0373) | |||||
| ET* Empl. rate | 0.0122 | 0.0346 | 0.0469 | 0.1606*** | ||||
| (0.0450) | (0.0450) | (0.0456) | (0.0524) | |||||
| SWC* Empl. rate | − 0.1533*** | − 0.0197 | − 0.0671* | − 0.2183*** | ||||
| (0.0366) | (0.0341) | (0.0355) | (0.0405) | |||||
| ET* Health expnd., % GDP | − 0.1869*** | − 0.1657*** | − 0.0997* | |||||
| (0.0504) | (0.0505) | (0.0577) | ||||||
| SWC* Health expnd., % GDP | 0.2439*** | 0.2195*** | 0.1338*** | |||||
| (0.0394) | (0.0397) | (0.0420) | ||||||
| ET* Physicians per 1000 people | − 0.0313 | 0.0183 | ||||||
| (0.0588) | (0.0664) | |||||||
| SWC* Physicians per 1000 people | 0.2409*** | 0.0533 | ||||||
| (0.0526) | (0.0596) | |||||||
| ET* % 65 yo + | 0.3020*** | 0.3064*** | 0.4475*** | |||||
| (0.0472) | (0.0636) | (0.0681) | ||||||
| SWC* % 65 yo + | 0.0316 | − 0.1258** | − 0.3402*** | |||||
| (0.0399) | (0.0526) | (0.0567) | ||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.226 | 0.241 | 0.249 | 0.255 | 0.257 | 0.245 | 0.247 | 0.264 |
Note: The sample includes 113 countries. SH denotes “stay-at-home” policy. ET denotes extensive testing NPI; SWC denotes schools and workplaces closures NPI. Coefficients presented, standard errors in parenthesis. Statistical significance is denoted as ∗10%, ∗∗5%, and ∗∗∗1% levels