Figure 1.

(A) Resin disks three-dimensional (3D)-printed by fused deposition modeling, stereolithography (SLA), and SLA w UV used for testing resin toxicity on zebrafish (40 mm diameter and 4 mm height)[17]. (B) 3D-printed device design showing adapters for syringe-based pumps, channels, membrane insertion port, and outlets. (C) The side view schematic of the 3D-printed device to understand the channel and fluid to flow under the membrane. The membrane is manually inserted into the port on top of the device. Finally, there is an outlet to allow fluid to leave the device[34]. (D) Potentiometric sensor-based biosensor chip showing inlet, outlet, and sensing area (20.5 mm × 4.3 mm) with attached microfluidic channels[45].