Table 1.
Known agonists and antagonists of BMP-2.
| Protein/Gene | Type of Protein | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brorin | Glycoprotein | Inhibits BMP-2 activity | [184,185,186] |
| Cerberus | Cytokine | Blocks BMP-2 signaling | [187,188] |
| Chordin | Glycoprotein | Binds directly to BMP-2 to prevent its activity | [170,171,177,189,190] |
| DAN Family | Glycoproteins | Binds directly to BMP-2 and inhibits its activity | [191] |
| Follistatin | Glycoprotein | Binds directly to BMP-2 to prevent its activity | [173,192,193,194] |
| FLRG | Glycoprotein | Downregulates BMP-2 and limits its activity | [194,195,196] |
| Grem2 | Glycoprotein | Inhibits BMP-2 activity | [197,198] |
| Noggin | Glycoprotein | Binds directly to BMP-2 to prevent its activity | [9,172,199,200] |
| Sclerostin (SOST) | Glycoprotein | Binds to LRP5/6 to prevent Wnt and BMP-2 signaling | [201,202,203,204] |
| Shrew | Shrew-1: Transmembrane protein | Enhances peak BMP-2 signaling activity | [169,170] |
| Twisted Gastrulation | Produces small cysteine rich protein | Can enhance or inhibit BMP-2 activity | [169,205,206,207,208,209,210] |
| USAG-1 | Glycoprotein | Physically interacts with BMP-2 to prevent signaling | [211,212] |