Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants stratified by sex and pregnancy status.
| Characteristic | Women (N=450) | Pregnant women (n=187) | Nonpregnant women (n=263) | Men (N=61) | |
| Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall value (years), median (IQR) | 32.3 (28.5-36.2) | 31.8 (28.0-35.2) | 32.5 (29.0-36.6) | 33.6 (30.9-39.5) |
|
|
Missing data, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| BMI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall value (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 24.8 (22.1-29.1) | 24.5 (21.9-29.0) | 25.2 (22.3-29.4) | 25.5 (22.6-29.0) |
|
|
Overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2), median (IQR) | 27.5 (25.8-28.7) | 27.3 (25.7-28.8) | 27.5 (26.0-28.7) | 27.7 (25.9-29.0) |
|
|
Overweight, n (%) | 124 (27.6%) | 46 (24.6%) | 78 (29.7%) | 21 (38.2%) |
|
|
Obese (BMI 30-60 kg/m2), median (IQR) | 32.9 (31.5-35.6) | 32.0 (31.6-35.9) | 33.8 (31.6-35.9) | 34.5 (31.2-38.7) |
|
|
Obese, n (%) | 94 (20.9%) | 37 (19.8%) | 57 (21.7%) | 9 (16.4%) |
|
|
Missing data, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Adequate folic acid intake |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Value, n (%) | 345 (76.7%) | 181 (96.8%) | 164 (62.4%) | N/Aa |
|
|
Missing data, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Vegetable intake |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall value (grams/day), median (IQR) | 157 (100-214) | 157 (100-207) | 150 (100-214) | 146 (93-209) |
|
|
Adequate (≥200 grams/day), n (%) | 137 (31.6%) | 51 (29.0%) | 86 (33.3%) | 14 (25.0%) |
|
|
Missing data, n | 16 | 11 | 5 | 5 |
| Fruit intake |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall value (pieces/day), median (IQR) | 1.90 (0.94-3.11) | 2.3 (1.3-3.7) | 1.7 (0.8-2.5) | 1.4 (0.8-2.1) |
|
|
Adequate (≥2 pieces/day), n (%) | 212 (49.1%) | 106 (60.6%) | 106 (41.2%) | 15 (27.3%) |
|
|
Missing data, n | 18 | 12 | 6 | 6 |
| Smoking |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Smoking (yes), n (%) | 38 (8.8%) | 8 (4.6%) | 30 (11.7%) | 11 (20.0%) |
|
|
Missing data, n | 19 | 12 | 7 | 6 |
| Alcohol use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alcohol use (yes), n (%) | 88 (20.5%) | 2 (1.1%) | 85 (33.3%) | 36 (65.5%) |
|
|
Missing data, n | 20 | 12 | 8 | 6 |
| Completed the program (yes), n (%) | 358 (79.6%) | 143 (76.5%) | 215 (81.7%) | 45 (73.8%) | |
aN/A: not applicable.