Figure 3. NRG-1 signaling through ErbB2 and ErbB4 regulate growth and survival pathways leading to physiological hypertrophy.

The loss of NRG-1, ErbB2, or ErbB4 results in dilated cardiomyopathy under cardiac stress. In vivo studies have suggested that NRG-1 can improve left ventricular ejection fraction in subjects with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. *pErbB2 and pErbB4 represent phosphorylated (activated) forms of ErbB receptors.