Table 2.
Risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures at baseline, concomitant medications, and current comorbidities.
| Characteristics | Saudi Arabia (N = 364) |
Kuwait (N = 225) |
Lebanon (N = 106) |
United Arab Emirates (N = 12) |
Middle East cohort (N = 707) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal history of osteoporosis or hip fracture, n (%) | 21 (7.3) | 11 (9.0) | 29 (37.2) | 0 (0.0) | 61 (12.5) |
| Number of falls in the past year, n (%) | |||||
| No falls | 84 (59.6) | 74 (63.8) | 54 (51.9) | 4 (66.7) | 216 (58.9) |
| 1 fall | 40 (28.4) | 19 (16.4) | 22 (21.2) | 2 (33.3) | 83 (22.6) |
| 2 falls | 11 (7.8) | 13 (11.2) | 17 (16.3) | 0 (0.0) | 41 (11.2) |
| ≥3 falls | 6 (4.3) | 10 (8.6) | 11 (10.6) | 0 (0.0) | 27 (7.4) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
| Current smokers | 164 (61.4) | 5 (3.0) | 31 (30.4) | 0 (0.0) | 200 (36.8) |
| Patients with current comorbidities*, n (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 59 (16.3) | 138 (61.3) | 52 (49.1) | 6 (85.7) | 255 (36.4) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 27 (7.4) | 92 (41.1) | 21 (19.8) | 6 (85.7) | 146 (20.8) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis or other rheumatologic conditions | 0 (0.0) | 7 (3.1) | 10 (9.4) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (2.4) |
| Patients taking concomitant medications, n (%) | |||||
| Antihypertensives | 41 (11.3) | 46 (20.4) | 52 (49.1) | 5 (41.7) | 144 (20.4) |
| Insulin/oral hypoglycemics | 22 (6.0) | 34 (15.1) | 29 (27.4) | 6 (50.0) | 91 (12.9) |
| Glucocorticoids^ | 1 (1.7) | 2 (2.5) | 7 (8.8) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (4.5) |
N = total number of patients available; n=number of patients with valid (non-missing or unknown) values.
*The three most frequently reported comorbidities in the overall ALAFOS cohort 29 are listed here.
^Duration of therapy ≥3 months or a prednisone daily equivalent dose ≥7.5 mg.
Note: Percentages are calculated using n, the number of valid (not missing or unknown) responses for each item as denominator.