Table 4.
Health-related quality of life scores and osteoporosis knowledge at baseline.
| Characteristics | Saudi Arabia (N = 364) | Kuwait(N = 225) | Lebanon(N = 106) | United Arab Emirates(N = 12) | Middle East cohort(N = 707) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EQ-5D-5L-VAS score* | |||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 62.5 (50, 80) | 70.0 (60, 80) | 60.0 (40, 80) | 60.0 (35, 77.5) | 70.0 (50, 80) |
| Mean (SD) | 59.3 (26.4) | 68.9 (20.0) | 57.4 (25.8) | 58.1 (27.8) | 63.6 (23.7) |
| EQ-5D-5L severe/extreme problems#, n (%) | |||||
| Mobility | 45 (16.5) | 70 (31.8) | 23 (22.8) | 1 (12.5) | 139 (23.1) |
| Self-care | 29 (10.6) | 56 (25.6) | 18 (17.6) | 1 (12.5) | 104 (17.2) |
| Usual activities | 45 (16.3) | 69 (31.5) | 25 (24.5) | 1 (12.5) | 140 (23.2) |
| Pain/discomfort | 10 (3.9) | 47 (21.7) | 21 (20.6) | 4 (50) | 82 (14.1) |
| Anxiety/depression | 7 (3.5) | 11 (5.12) | 11 (11.3) | 0 (0.0) | 29 (5.6) |
| EQ-5D-5L – Utility Total Score, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.00 (0.59, 1.00) | 0.59 (0.31, 0.67) | 0.59 (0.32, 0.72) | 0.57 (0.17, 0.76) | 0.63 (0.48, 0.86) |
| Back Pain Numeric Rating Scale^ | |||||
| Worst pain in the past 24 hours | |||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 6.0 (4.0, 7.0) | 3.0 (0.0, 5.0) | 5.0 (2.0, 8.0) | 6.5 (1.5, 9.0) | 4.0 (0.0, 7.0) |
| Mean (SD) | 5.2 (2.6) | 3.0 (3.1) | 4.9 (3.2) | 5.4 (3.9) | 4.0 (3.2) |
| Average pain in the past 24 hours | |||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 5.0 (4.0, 7.0) | 2.0 (0.0, 4.0) | 4.0 (1.0, 7.0) | 6.5 (1.5, 8.5) | 3.0 (0.0, 6.0) |
| Mean (SD) | 5.1 (2.5) | 2.5 (2.5) | 3.9 (3.1) | 5.4 (3.9) | 3.5 (2.9) |
| Ambulatory status assessment, n (%) | |||||
| Ambulatory, no convalescent aid needed | 117 (54.9) | 101 (46.1) | 73 (70.2) | 5 (62.5) | 296 (54.4) |
| Ambulatory, with convalescent aid | 39 (18.3) | 95 (43.4) | 31 (29.8) | 2 (25.0) | 167 (30.7) |
| Non-ambulatory, bedbound/bedfast | 57 (26.8) | 23 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 81 (14.9) |
| Osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs (agree/strongly agree), n (%) | |||||
| Worry about having osteoporosis | 257 (94.1) | 198 (91.6) | 92 (90.2) | 7 (87.5) | 554 (92.5) |
| With a fracture, I could end up disabled for a long time | 262 (94.6) | 198 (91.6) | 96 (93.2) | 7 (100) | 563 (93.4) |
| Osteoporosis medication can help me stay independent | 268 (96.1) | 188 (89.1) | 91 (88.4) | 6 (85.7) | 553 (92.2) |
| Osteoporosis medication is good for me | 273 (97.5) | 198 (92.5) | 93 (91.1) | 6 (85.7) | 570 (94.5) |
| Osteoporosis medication can help me stay active | 269 (96.4) | 179 (84.9) | 86 (85.1) | 6 (85.7) | 540 (90.3) |
N = total number of patients; n = number of patients with valid (non-missing or unknown) values.
Q1 = first quartile; Q3 = third quartile; VAS = Visual analog scale.
*A 100-mm visual analog scale was used to indicate perceived overall health status (0 = the worst health you can imagine; 100 = the best health you can imagine).
#For the “mobility,” “self-care,” and “usual activities” domains, extreme problems refer to inability to move, inability to take care of self, and inability to perform usual activities, respectively.
^Back pain was self-assessed by patients using a rating scale of 0 to 10 (0 = no back pain; 10 = worst possible back pain).
Note: Percentages are calculated using n, the number of valid (not missing or unknown) responses for each item.