Table 1.

Garrard Matrix of Articles: Adolescent Dating Violence.

Author/Year/Country/Journal	Aim of Study	Study Design/Method	Population and Sample Size	Findings Relevant to Male ADV Perpetration
1. Foshee et al. (2014) USA Journal of Adolescent Health	(1). To determine if direct and indirect bullying perpetration in the sixth grade predicted the onset of physical dating violence perpetration by the eighth grade (2). To assess if associations vary by sex and race/ethnicity of the adolescent.	Quantitative Longitudinal Questionnaires Data from multi-wave longitudinal investigation of contextual influences on adolescent health-risk	1154 males and females sixth grade (11–12 years) and again in eighth grade (13–14 years)	Boys reported significantly more direct bullying than girls. Family conflict significantly positively associated with direct bullying perpetration. Direct bullying in sixth grade predicted onset of physical dating violence perpetration by the eighth grade.
2. Russel et al. (2014) South Africa Prevention Science	(1). Describes potentially preventable factors in IPV perpetration and victimization among South African eighth grade students	Quantitative cross-sectional Data from baseline surveys of eighth grade students attending mandatory life orientation classes; conducted as part of a project to develop a curriculum to prevent IPV	549 males and females eighth grade (13–14 years)	Boys more likely than girls to agree with dating abuse and rape myth. Disagreeing with dating abuse predicted lower rate of perpetrating sexual IPV among boys. Disagreement with rape myths predicted lower rates of perpetrating physical IPV among boys. Negative styles of resolving conflict in general predicted higher rates of sexual and emotional IPV by boys. Negative styles of resolving conflict with partners predicted higher risk of emotional and physical IPV among boys. Heavier alcohol use was associated with higher risk of physical IPV among boys.
3. Black et al. (2015) USA Journal of Interpersonal Violence	(1). Examines how African American youths’ experiences with family (child abuse and neglect), school, and community violence relate to their attitudes about TDV and their victimization and perpetration of TDV.	Quantitative cross-sectional Data from a larger study examining the differential effects of cumulative violence and trauma exposure among African American and Iraqi refugee youth. Findings from the African American youth were reported on. Five data collect stations with questionnaires and assessments	175 males and females Mean age: 14.1 years	Males experiences more violence in their schools and communities than females. Males were more accepting of male perpetration of dating violence. Youth who experienced more community violence reported more acceptance of male perpetration of TDV. Teens who experienced higher rates of community violence perpetrated more acts of TDV.
4. Niolon et al. (2015) USA Journal of Adolescent Health	(1). Examines the prevalence of perpetration in a sample of middle school youth from high-risk urban communities. (2). Explores the association between modifiable cognitive and behavioral risk factors and TDV to inform current and future prevention efforts.	Quantitative cross-sectional Data drawn from the student baseline surveys from the evaluation of a CDC prevention initiative	2895 males and females Grades 6–8	Risk for all TDV perpetration types (threatening behaviors, verbal/emotional abuse, relational abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse but except stalking) was higher for boys reporting bully/victim status relative to boys not involved in bullying. Risk for perpetration of threatening behaviors, verbal/emotional abuse, and sexual abuse was higher for boys who reported alcohol use than for those reporting no alcohol use.
5. Reidy et al. (2015) USA Journal of Adolescent Health	(1). Examines whether boys who experience stress because they believe that others perceive them to be less masculine than the “average” male are more likely to engage in TDV. (2). Identify the influence of gender role discrepancy and discrepancy stress on physical and sexual dating violence and sexual violence against a non-dating partner.	Quantitative cross-sectional Self-administered questionnaires	589 males sixth and ninth grades	Boys who experienced stress about being perceived as “sub-masculine” may be more likely to engage in sexual violence. Boys who endorsed discrepancy stress reported a greater likelihood of using physical TDV. Boys endorsing higher levels of perceived gender role discrepancy were more likely to endorse some history of sexual TDV; main effect of gender role discrepancy was significantly and positively associated with increased risk for sexual violence in a dating relationship.
6. Mason-Jones et al. (2016) South Africa South African Medical Journal	(1). Explores the prevalence of physical and sexual IPV perpetration and victimization by gender (2). Determines whether there was an association between perpetration and victimization for physical and sexual IPV (3). Examines the risk and protective factors for physical and sexual IPV perpetration and victimization, and whether these factors differed by gender.	Quantitative cross-sectional Data collected from baseline data collected from the PREPARE study Cluster randomized controlled trial Self-administered questionnaires	839 males and females Grade 8 average age 13 years	Male perpetration of physical and sexual IPV was associated with being a victim of physical/sexual IPV, higher age, low scores on school connectedness and feelings of school safety, and more negative feelings about school appearance. Victimization was the strongest predictor for perpetration, and vice versa.
7. Reyes at el. (2016) USA Journal of Youth and Adolescence	(1). Examines the longitudinal association between gender role attitudes and physical dating violence perpetration among adolescent boys (2). Examines whether injunctive (i.e., acceptance of dating violence) and descriptive (i.e., beliefs about dating violence prevalence) normative beliefs moderated the association.	Longitudinal quantitative Data from male participants in a randomized trial evaluating an ADV prevention program 18 months apart (T1–T2)	577 males Grades 8–9 at start; grade 9–10 at T2	Boys who were high in their acceptance of dating violence, traditional gender role attitudes prospectively predicted greater likelihood of dating violence perpetration. Normative beliefs had a significant main effect predicting increased risk of dating violence perpetration.
8. VanderEdne et al. (2016) Malawi (South Africa) Annals of Epidemiology	(1). Examines the association between exposure to violence in childhood, including exposure to multiple forms of violence, with young men’s perpetration of IPV	Interviewed in the Malawi Violence Against Children and Young Women Survey, a nationally representative, multistage cluster survey Cross-quantitative	450 males ages 18–24	Perpetration of sexual IPV increased in a statistically significant gradient for young men with exposures to one, two, three, and four or more forms of violence in childhood. Exposure to violence in childhood was associated with increased odds of perpetrating IPV.
9. Aizpitarte et al. (2017) Spain Journal of Research on Adolescence	(1). Tests an explanatory model of dating violence perpetration in which insecure attachment, interparental conflict resolution, and perceived peer dating violence are considered as complementary factors that may explain the higher risk of dating violence perpetration, and aggressiveness mediates between individual, family, relational, and sociocultural variables and dating violence perpetration.	Quantitative cross-sectional Self-filled questionnaires	477 males and females ages 16–20	Insecure attachment was a positive predictor of aggressiveness. Interparental negative conflict resolution observed by adolescents was positively associated with aggressiveness. Perceived peer dating violence was a positive predictor of aggressiveness. Aggressiveness mediated the association between insecure anxious attachment, interparental conflict resolution, perceived peer dating violence, and dating violence perpetration.
10. McClure et al. (2017) USA Journal of Interpersonal Violence	(1). Investigates the relationship between IPV, childhood trauma, trait anxiety, depression, and anxious attachment in college students.	Quantitative cross-sectional Five self-report inventories	254 males and females ages 17–23	IPV perpetration in college dating relationships was related to childhood emotional and physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and trait anxiety. Childhood emotional abuse was related to being the perpetrator of verbal or emotional abuse in dating relationships. Childhood physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were related to perpetration of physical IPV. Threatening behavior perpetration in dating relationships was related to childhood emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect. Trait anxiety was related to perpetration.
11. Nydegger et al. (2017) USA Journal of Urban Health	(1). Examines the relationship between gender norms and IPV, sexual violence and coercion, and risky sex among adolescent gang members	Quantitative cross-sectional Audio computer-assisted self-interview	461 male and female gang members ages 14–19	Male gang members who manifested more chauvinistic gender norms were significantly more likely to have forced someone to have sex. Males in age-disparate sexual relationships reported that they had engaged in more than four times as many IPV acts toward their female partners in the past year as male gang members with partners of similar age or older. Endorsing unequal gender norms toward women was significantly related to perpetration among male participants. Unequal gender norm beliefs were significantly related to male participants perpetrating rape.
12. Shorey et al. (2017) USA Preventive Medicine	(1). Examined when onset for physical and sexual TDV perpetration was greatest from the ages of 14 to 20 utilizing a prospective design in a large, racially/ethnically diverse sample of adolescents.	Panel-based quantitative longitudinal Questionnaires	684 and 772 males and females Mean age 15.09 (SD = 0.77)	Male perpetration of TDV findings suggested a relatively consistent pattern during middle adolescence (age 15–16) with a slight increase in late adolescence (i.e., ages 18–20). Specifically, after age 18, risk for sexual TDV was markedly higher for men.
13. Smith-Darden et al. (2017) USA Journal of Research on Adolescence	(1). Explores the additive and interactive effects of anger or hostility, acceptance of violence, and constructive conflict resolution strategies on the perpetration of physical and sexual TDV	Quantitative cross-sectional Self-administered questionnaires	833 males and females, Grades 6–9 Mean age: 15.38 years SD: 1.62	Anger, hostility, and attitudes of violence were significantly and positively associated with the perpetration of physical TDV. When boys endorsed attitudes of violence and possessed poor conflict resolution strategies, anger and hostility were strongly associated with sexual TDV perpetration. Association between anger and hostility and sexual TDV was greatly reduced when conflict resolution strategies were high. Attitudes about violence were a pertinent risk factor for TDV perpetration.
14. Fernandez-Gonzalez et al. (2018) Spain Personality and Individual Differences	(1). Explores whether the components of EI predict less dating violence perpetration over time. (2). Examines whether the different components of EI have a buffering role in the maintenance of dating violence perpetration.	Quantitative longitudinal (1 year) Data extracted from larger 4-year project that investigates risk factors for aggression during adolescence Self-completed questionnaires	809 male and females Mean age 16.36 years (SD = 0.86)	The EI component of emotional clarity influenced both girls and boys, meaning that the ability to identify and understand one’s own emotional states favors the desistance of behaving aggressively toward a partner for both genders. Perpetuation of ADV was higher for boys with a lower tendency to regulate their emotions.
15. Cucci et al. (2019) Italy Journal of Family Psychology	(1). Tests a conceptual model in which ADV perpetration toward a romantic partner is affected by the memories of authoritarian paternal and maternal parenting styles through the mediation of adolescents’ emotion dysregulation.	Quantitative cross-sectional Three self-report instruments	622 males and females, ages 13–21 years	Authoritarian maternal style was reported to indirectly explain verbal/emotional and physical abuse among males through the mediation of impulse control difficulties; authoritarian paternal style was reported to indirectly explain verbal/emotional abuse through the mediation of impulse control difficulties.
16. Fernandez-Fuertes et al. (2019) Spain Children and Youth Services Review	(1). Determines whether aggressive behavior in past relationships can predict dating violence perpetration in present relationships, when the expected costs and benefits of aggressive behavior and romantic attachment are considered as predictors. (2). Determines whether these predictors can explain TDV for both sexes.	Quantitative cross-sectional Four questionnaires and one open-ended question to indicated relationship duration	593 males and females, ages 15–18 years	Aggressive perpetration in adolescents’ present relationships was closely related to aggressive behavior in past relationships, as well as to the expected benefits of aggression (power/dominance).

Note. ADV = adolescent dating violence; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; EI = emotional intelligence; IPV = intimate partner violence; TDV = teen dating violence.