Table 1.
Voltage-gated calcium channel nomenclature and genetic associations to psychiatric disorders
| Subunit type | Channel type | Drug target for | Subunit name | Channel namea | Gene symbol | GWAS association | Rare variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha (α1) | L-type | All CCBs | α1S | CaV1.1 | CACNA1S | XD | Scz |
| α1C | CaV1.2 | CACNA1C | BD, Scz, ASD, XD | ASD, BD, Scz | |||
| α1D | CaV1.3 | CACNA1D | XD | ASD, BD | |||
| α1F | CaV1.4 | CACNA1F | |||||
| P-/Q-type | α1A | CaV2.1 | CACNA1A | ||||
| N-type | α1B | CaV2.2 | CACNA1B | BD, Scz | |||
| R-type | Lamotrigine, topiramate | α1E | CaV2.3 | CACNA1E | MDD, XD | ||
| T-type | Some CCBs, e.g. nimodipine | α1G | CaV3.1 | CACNA1G | |||
| α1H | CaV3.2 | CACNA1H | ASD, Scz | ||||
| α1I | CaV3.3 | CACNA1I | ASD, Scz | ||||
| Beta (β) | β1 | CACNB1 | |||||
| β2 | CACNB2 | Scz | ASD | ||||
| β3 | CACNB3 | ||||||
| β4 | CACNB4 | Scz | |||||
| Alpha2delta (α2δ) | Pregabalin, gabapentin | α2δ1 | CACNA2D1 | MDD | Scz | ||
| Pregabalin, gabapentin | α2δ2 | CACNA2D2 | XD | Scz | |||
| α2δ3 | CACNA2D3 | ASD | |||||
| α2δ4 | CACNA2D4 | XD | Scz |
GWAS, genome-wide association study; CCB, calcium channel blockers; XD, cross-diagnostic (schizophrenia/bipolar disorder/major depressive disorder/autism spectrum disorder/attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder); Scz, schizophrenia; BD, bipolar disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; MDD, major depressive disorder.
a.
Channel name defined by α1 subunit, so terminology does not apply to β or α2δ subunits.