Table 2.
List of studies showing relationship between MMP-9 gene polymorphisms and atherosclerosis.
| Author reference | Study design | Patient populations | Polymorphic site | Main study finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al. [95] | Human study | 584 male patients with MI and 645 age-matched male healthy controls | 1562C>T | 1562C>T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene affects MMP-9 gene promoter activity, and has an effect on atherosclerotic phenotype. |
| Wu et al. [96] | Meta-analysis | Enrolled 19 studies including 5630 ischemic stroke cases and 5368 controls | 1562C>T | 1562C>T polymorphism also significantly correlated with the risk of patients with large artery atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, it also significantly correlated with the risk of ischemic stroke. |
| Pollanen et al. [97] | Autopsy study | 276 men | T/T and C/C genotype | Patients with T/T genotype of MMP-9 had a larger area of complicated and calcified lesion compared with the patients with the C/C genotype of MMP-9, while no significant association between the MMP9 genotype and severity of atherosclerosis was found. |
| Morgan et al. [98] | Human study | 1510 white subjects | 1562C>T | 1562C>T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene had an effect on MMP-9 expression, which can influence the development and progression of atherosclerosis. |
| Saedi et al. [99] | Human study | 53 early-onset coronary artery disease patients and unrelated late-onsets CAD patients. | 1562C>T | 1562C>T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene was only associated with the early-onset coronary artery disease (age <55 years). |
| Wang et al. [100] | Case-control study | 384 Chinese Uighur patients with MI proven by coronary angiography and 451 sex-matched and ethnically matched control participants | 1562C>T and R279Q | 1562C>T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene was significantly associated with MI, while R279Q polymorphism was not significantly associated with MI in Chinese Uighur population. Meanwhile, the -1562C>T or R279Q polymorphism of the MMP-9 gene and smoking had a synergistic effect and were significantly associated with the risk of MI. |
| Wang et al. [101] | Case-control study | 361 ACS Chinese Uighur patients and 432 control subjects | 1562C>T and R279Q | 1562C>T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene was associated with ACS susceptibility in the Chinese Uygur population. However, R279Q polymorphism of the MMP-9 gene was not significantly associated with the risk of ACS. |
| Wu et al. [102] | Case-control study | 258 CAD patients and 153 controls from the Chinese Han population | 1562C>T | They found that the 1562C>T polymorphism of the MMP-9 gene was associated with CAD. |
| Kim et al. [103] Alp et al. [104] Wang et al. [105] Opstad et al. [106] Blankenberg et al. [92] Nuzzo et al. [107] |
Human study | 1562C>T | No significant association between the 1562C>T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene and CVD. | |
| Zhang et al. [108] | Meta-analysis | Enrolled 26 studies including 12,776 cases and 6371 controls | 1562C>T | 1562C>T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene was associated with the risk of CAD in Asian populations, not in overall population. |
| Wang et al. [109] | Meta-analysis | Enrolled 18 studies including 9569 MI cases and 7264 controls | 1562C>T | 1562C>T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene was a risk factor of MI, but these associations varied in different ethnic populations. |
| Juan et al. [110] | Meta-analysis | Enrolled 7 studies including 3952 MI cases and 4977 healthy controls | 1562C>T | 1562C>T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene was a risk factor of MI in the total population and white populations, but not in Asian populations. |
Abbreviations: MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; MI: myocardial infarction; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CAD: coronary artery disease; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; CVD: cardiovascular disease.