Table 1.

Direct contact test—concentration-dependent antibacterial activity of berry juice (20%, 50%, 90%; exposure time 60 s) on various oral pathogenic bacterial species; no inhibitory effects (-); plate counts differ by > 10³ compared to untreated control (+); complete bacterial suppression (++). (Streptococcus mutans-S.m.; Streptococcus gordonii-S.g.; Streptococcus sobrinus-S.s.; Actinomyces naeslundii-A.n.; Fusobacterium nucleatum-F.n.; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-A.a.; Porphyromonas gingivalis-P.g.; Enterococcus faecalis-E.f.).

Concentration-Dependent Antibacterial Activity
Test Substance	S.m.	S.g.	S.s.	A.n.	F.n.	A.a.	P.g.	E.f.
90% concentration
blackcurrant	-	++	++	-	++	+	++	++
redcurrant	-	++	-	-	++	-	++	+
cranberry	-	-	++	-	++	+	++	-
raspsberry	-	-	-	-	-	-	++	-
positive control (CHX 0.2%)	-	+	-	+	++	++	++	-
50% concentration
blackcurrant	-	-	-	-	+	-	++	+
redcurrant	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+
cranberry	-	-	-	-	+	-	++	-
raspsberry	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
positive control (CHX 0.2%)	-	+	-	+	++	+	++	-
20% concentration
blackcurrant	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
redcurrant	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
cranberry	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
raspsberry	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
positive control (CHX 0.2%)	-	+	-	-	+	+	++	-