Table A4.
Characteristics of non-randomised controlled trials reviewed.
| Chronic Physical Conditions—Baseline Characteristics (Risk Proportion/Mean or Median and SD) | Outcomes | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors and Year of Publication | Country of origin | Sample Size (N) | Mean Age/Age Groups | Gender Distribution (Female) |
Chronic Disease Profile of the Sample Population | Treatment Group | Control GROUP | PCMH Components | Duration of Follow-up | Depression | Quality of Life/Self-Management | Hospital Admission | Cost/Health Utility | Biomedical Outcomes |
| Bray et al., 2013 [17] | United States | Treatment = 368 Control = 359 |
Treatment = 59.5 years Control = 60.6 years |
Treatment = 66% Control = 63% |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | HbA1c, mean (SD), % = 7.9 (2.2) SBP/DBP, mean (SD), mm Hg = 138 (18)/81 (10) HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL= 50 (13.3) Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL = 176 (39.7) |
HbA1c, mean (SD), % = 7.9 (2.2) SBP/DBP, mean (SD), mm Hg = 138 (18)/81 (10) HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL= 50 (13.3) Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL = 176 (39.7) |
6 key elements to the intervention design: education with behavioural coaching, treatment intensification, point-of-care management, expanded roles of clinic staff to facilitate management, a team care approach, and physician leadership | 36 months | ✓ | ||||
| Kravertz et al., 2016 [107] | United States | Treatment = 350 Control = 315 |
Treatment = 72.7 years Control = 72.2 years |
NA | Hypertension | SBP = 167.7 DBP = 84 (SD or 95% CI not reported) |
NA | MDT care, Patient education Coordinated care |
4 months | ✓ | ||||
| Petersen et al., 2019 [109] | South Africa | Treatment = 137 Control = 236 |
Treatment = 42.6 years Control = 44 years |
Treatment = 83.2% Control = 80.5% |
Mental and other comorbid conditions | PHQ-9 mean (SD) = 14.5 (3.47) WHODAS mean (SD) = 37.6 (17.19) |
PHQ-9 mean (SD) = 12.8 (3.01) WHODAS mean (SD) = 40.0 (19.48) |
MDT care, Patient engagement Coordinated care |
12 months | ✓ | ||||
| Ruikes et al., 2016 [21] | Netherlands | Treatment = 287 Control = 249 |
Treatment = 83.1 years Control = 80.5 years |
Treatment = 66.9% Control = 64.3% |
Frail elderly people with multimorbidity | Katz-15 index, mean (SD) = 5.4 (2.9) | Katz-15 index, mean (SD) = 4.6 (2.7) | MDT care, Self-management plans, Coordinated care |
12 months | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Seidu et al., 2017 [110] | United Kingdom | Treatment = 6054 Control = 2312 |
% above 65 years Treatment = 14.20 Control = 11.31 |
Treatment = 50.6% Control = 47.4% |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Non-elective bed days, mean (SD) = 5.62 (2.11) | Non-elective bed days, mean (SD) = 3.82 (1.62) | MDT care, Self-management plans, Coordinated care |
12 months | ✓ | ||||
| Sommers et al., 2000 [111] | United States | Treatment = 280 Control = 263 |
Treatment = 78 years Control = 77 years |
1 | Frail elderly people with multimorbidity | Hospital admissions per patient per year, mean (SD) = 0.34 (0.68) ≥1 hospital admission within 60 days % = 4.5 ≥1 ED visit % = 9.0 |
Hospital admissions per patient per year, mean (SD) = 0.39 (0.81) ≥1 hospital admission within 60 days % = 5.9 ≥1 ED visit % = 5.9 |
MDT care, Self-management plans, Coordinated care |
24 months | ✓ | ||||
| Vestjens et al., 2019 [108] | Netherlands | Treatment = 232 Control = 232 |
Treatment = 82.4 years Control = 82.4 years |
Treatment = 72.4% Control = 72.4% |
Frail elderly people with multimorbidity | EQ5D3L = 0.63 (0.26) | EQ5D3L = 0.66 (0.24) | MDT care, Patient engagement Coordinated care |
12 months | ✓ | ||||
BP—blood pressure; CI—confidence interval; DBP—diastolic blood pressure; ED—emergency department; EQ3D—EuroQol 3 dimensions; HbA1c—glycated haemoglobin; HDL—high density lipoprotein; LDL—low density lipoprotein; MDT—multidisciplinary team; NA—not available; PHQ—Patient Health Questionnaire; SBP—systolic blood pressure; SD—standard deviation; WHODAS—World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule.