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. 2020 Sep 21;17(18):6886. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186886

Table A8.

Quality assessment of non-randomised controlled studies using Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.

Author and Year Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 5 Q 6 Q 7 Overall
Bray et al., 2013 [17] Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Good
Kravertz et al., 2016 [107] Moderate Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Fair
Petersen et al., 2019 [109] Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Good
Ruikes et al., 2016 [21] Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Good
Seidu et al., 2017 [110] Moderate Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Fair
Sommers et al., 2000 [111] Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Good
Vestjens et al., 2019 [108] Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Good