Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study population.
| Variables Indicated as n (%) or Median [IQR] | Normal CRP (<3 mg/L) n = 751 |
Elevated CRP (>3 mg/L) n = 818 |
p-Value ¤ | Statistic ǂ | p-Value ∞ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 317 (42.2%) | 270 (33.0%) | <0.001 | 2.42 [0.72; 7.87] | <0.0002 |
| Women | 434 (57.8%) | 548 (67.0%) | 3.58 [1.24; 10.2] | ||
| Menorrhea | 229 (54.7%) | 236 (43.6%) | 0.001 | 3.05 [0.82; 9.00] | <0.0001 |
| Amenorrhea | 190 (45.3%) | 305 (56.4%) | 4.31 [1.72; 11.9] | ||
| Age (years) * | 46.0 [41.0; 53.0] | 49.0 [42.0; 58.0] | <0.001 | ρ = 0.12 | <0.05 |
| HIV-positive | 128 (17.1)/ | 131 (16.1)/ | NS | 3.11 [0.93; 12.0] | NS |
| Negative | 620 (82.9) | 683 (83.9) | 3.25 [0.96; 9.14] | ||
| Tobacco use (whole group): | |||||
| Formerly | 25 (3.4%) | 33 (4.0%) | NS | 3.98 [1.29; 18.3] | NS |
| Currently | 403 (54.1%) | 413 (50.6%) | 3.05 [0.89; 9.18] | ||
| Never | 317 (42.6%) | 370 (45.3%) | 3.44 [1.04; 9.34] | ||
| Alcohol consumption: | |||||
| Formerly | 29 (3.9%) | 38 (4.7%) | NS | 3.74 [1.31; 14.1] | NS |
| Currently | 321 (43.1%) | 305 (37.6%) | 2.78 [0.85; 9.28] | ||
| Never | 394 (53.0%) | 469 (57.8%) | 3.53 [1.05; 9.20] | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.6 [18.9; 24.9] | 25.6 [19.7; 32.2] | <0.001 | ρ = 0.24 | <0.0001 |
| Underweight | 152 (20.4%) | 134 (16.5%) | 2.51 [0.64; 11.5] | ||
| Healthy | 407 (54.6%) | 253 (31.1%) | 1.89 [0.60; 5.67] | ||
| Overweight | 127 (17.0%) | 145 (17.8%) | 3.25 [1.30; 7.46] | ||
| Obese | 59 (7.9%) | 282 (34.6%) | 8.24 [3.74; 15.9] | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) * | 74.3 [68.5; 81.2] | 82.4 [72.2; 92.9] | <0.001 | ρ = 0.27 | <0.0001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) * | 90.0 [83.8; 98.4] | 98.2 [85.5; 112] | <0.001 | ρ = 0.21 | <0.0001 |
| Dietary intake (kJ) * | 6996 [5265; 9719] | 7284 [5259; 10,025] | NS | ρ = 0.03 | >0.05 |
| Urban | 388 (51.7%)/ | 420 (51.3)/ | NS | 3.20 [1.06; 9.83] | NS |
| Rural | 363 (48.3%) | 398 (48.7%) | 3.26 [0.86; 8.75] | ||
* Continuous variables presented as median and interquartile (25th; 75th percentile]) ranges. ‡ Median CRP concentrations [interquartile ranges] calculated per grouping category or Spearman’s rho (ρ) for continuous variables. All other variables presented as the number of individuals (%) and median values. ¤ p-value for the difference in distribution of categorical variables of normal and elevated groups, or difference in continuous variables. ∞ p-values for difference in CRP concentrations within grouping variable between categorical variables or p-value for Spearman’s rho. Abbreviations: CRP C-reactive protein, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, IQR interquartile range (25th and 75th percentile), kJ kilojoule, n number of individuals, NS, not significant (p > 0.05).