Table 2.
Factors of socio-economic status (SES) stratified according to baseline CRP cut-off values for elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
| Variables Indicated as n (%) or Median [IQR] | Normal CRP (<3 mg/L) n = 751 |
Elevated CRP (>3 mg/L) n = 818 |
p-Value ¤ | Statistic ǂ | p-Value ∞ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education level | None | 251 (34.1%) | 286 (36.3%) | NS | 3.33 [0.93; 9.91] | NS |
| Primary | 304 (41.4%) | 334 (42.4%) | 3.25 [1.01; 9.17] | |||
| Secondary | 180 (24.5%) | 167 (21.3%) | 2.80 [0.83; 9.00] | |||
| Marital status | Never married | 282 (39.1%) | 268 (33.5%) | 0.04 | 2.86 [0.88; 8.69] | NS |
| Partnered | 357 (49.4%) | 405 (50.7%) | 3.36 [0.91; 9.34] | |||
| Separated | 30 (4.2%) | 45 (5.6%) | 3.73 [1.21; 11.6] | |||
| Widowed | 53 (7.34%) | 81 (10.1%) | 4.41 [1.65; 9.84] | |||
| Time to nearest grocery store (minutes) * | 30.0 [20.0; 60.0] |
30.0 [20.0; 60.0] |
NS | ρ = –0.015 | NS | |
| Time to nearest bank facility (minutes) * | 30.0 [20.0; 60.0] |
40.0 [20.0; 60.0] |
NS | ρ = 0.018 | NS | |
| Access | 639 (87.2%) | 714 (88.8%) | NS | 3.29 [0.97; 9.49] | NS | |
| No access to electricity | 94 (12.8%) | 90 (11.2%) | 2.91 [0.83; 7.76] | |||
| Heat source | Coal open fire | 92 (12.6%) | 97 (12.2%) | NS | 3.25 [0.97; 9.87] | NS |
| Wood open fire | 343 (47.1%) | 342 (42.9%) | 2.97 [0.84; 8.45] | |||
| Portable heater | 28 (3.85%) | 38 (4.76%) | 4.17 [1.05; 15.3] | |||
| None | 122 (16.8%) | 129 (16.2%) | 3.17 [0.92; 8.98] | |||
| Electricity | 94 (12.9%) | 131 (16.4%) | 3.86 [1.42; 11.2] | |||
| Other | 49 (6.7%) | 61 (7.6%) | 4.02 [1.25; 16.0] | |||
| Water source | Sourced water | 418 (57.1%) | 440 (55.1%) | NS | 3.25 [0.86; 9.05] | NS |
| Municipal water | 314 (42.9%) | 359 (44.9%) | 3.22 [1.13; 9.47] | |||
| Roof structure | Galvanized iron sheets | 601 (82.1%) | 641 (79.7%) | NS | 3.19 [0.90; 9.13] | NS |
| Asbestos sheets | 86 (11.7%) | 112 (13.9%) | 3.66 [1.21; 13.1] | |||
| Other | 45 (6.2%) | 51 (6.4%) | 3.22 [1.10; 9.04] | |||
| Cooking fuel | Electricity | 275 (37.6%) | 352 (43.8%) | NS | 3.58 [0.99; 9.87] | NS |
| Kerosene | 224 (30.6%) | 222 (27.6%) | 2.96 [0.99; 9.28] | |||
| Gas | 32 (4.4%) | 35 (4.4%) | 3.26 [1.05; 9.21] | |||
| Wood | 188 (25.7%) | 177 (22.0%) | 2.87 [0.82; 8.86] | |||
| Other | 45 (6.2%) | 51 (6.4%) | 3.22 [1.10; 9.04] | |||
* Continuous variables presented as median and interquartile (25th; 75th percentile) ranges. ǂ Median CRP concentrations (interquartile ranges) calculated per grouping category or Spearman’s rho (ρ) for continuous variables. All other variables presented as the number of individuals (%) and median values. ¤ p-value for the difference in the distribution of categorical variables of normal and elevated groups, or difference in continuous variables. ∞ p-values for the difference in CRP concentration within grouping variable between categorical variables or p-value for Spearman’s rho. Abbreviations: CRP C-reactive protein, IQR interquartile range (25th and 75th percentile), n number of individuals, NS not significant (p > 0.05).