Table 10.
Results and safety of resistance training.
| Result | Training Safety |
|---|---|
| During Treatment | |
| ↑Muscle strength [8,9,20,21,23,24,26,27,28,29,30,55] | No adverse events [8,9,20,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,32,33,34,55] |
| ↑ Aerobic capacity [24,55] | NR [23,31] |
| ↔ Aerobic capacity [8,9,20,21,26,27,28,29] | - |
| (↑) Aerobic capacity [23] | - |
| ↓ Fatigue [8,9,20,21,26,27,28,29] | - |
| ↔ Bodyweight [24] | - |
| ↔ Body composition [24] | - |
| Attenuates the decrease in BMD [23] | - |
| ↑ LBM [9,20,21] | - |
| ↔ Upper Limbs Volume [9,20,21,25,32,33,34,55] | - |
| ↓ Sarcopenia and Dynapenia [22] | - |
| ↑ QoL [8,9,20,21,22,26,27,28,29,33,55] | - |
| ↑ Self-perceptions [9,20,21] | - |
| ↓ Anxiety [9,20,21] | - |
| ↔ Depression [8,26,27,28,29] | - |
| ↓ Pain [8,25,26,27,28,29] | - |
| Stronger effects on DFS, OS, DDFS, RFI [9,20,21] | - |
| (↑) Cognitive performance [8,26,27,28,29] | - |
| ↓ IL-6, IL-6/IL-1ra [8,26,27,28,29] | - |
| Not suppress cellular immunity [31] | - |
| Post Treatment | |
| ↑Muscle strength [7,10,35,36,37,38,40,41,42,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,56] | ↔ Incidence of fractures or falls [37,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] |
| ↑Muscle endurance [56] | NR [7,38,39,40,41] |
| ↔ EMG [42] | No adverse events [45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,56] |
| (↑) Aerobic capacity [39] | ↓ Number and severity of symptoms [46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] |
| ↓ Fatigue [7,38,41] | - |
| ↑ Perceived exertion [39] | - |
| (↑) ROM [38] | - |
| ↑ ROM [56] | - |
| ↔ BMI [10,35,36,40,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| (↓) BMI [39] | - |
| ↔ Body weight [10,35,36,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| ↔ Body composition [7,10,35,36,41,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| ↓ Body fat [45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| ↔ Bone formation [40,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| ↓ Bone resorption [40] | - |
| ↑ LBM [10,35,36] | - |
| Attenuates the muscle mass decline [46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| ↔ Circumference [10,35,36,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,56] | - |
| ↔ Upper Limbs Volume [46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| ↑ Balance [37] | - |
| ↑ QoL [7,10,35,36,39,41,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,56] | - |
| ↔ Depression [10,35,36,38] | - |
| ↓ Depression [38] | - |
| ↑ Self-perceptions [38,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| ↔ Norman score [46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| ↓ Deterioration of physical function [46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54] | - |
| ↔ DASH, BPI, FACT-B+4 or QLQ-BR23 [56] | - |
| ↓ IGF-II levels [10,35,36] | - |
| ↑ IGF-1 [45] | - |
| ↓ TNF-α on their NK cells [7,41] | - |
| ↔ miRNA [44] | - |
| Positive correlations between strength improvements and changes to circulating miRNAs [44] | - |
| ↔ Telomere length [43] | - |
BMI = body mass index; BMD = bone mineral density; DXA = dual x-ray absorptiometry; QoL = quality of life; LBM = lean body mass; ROM = range of motion; EMG = electromyographic; DASH = the disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire; BPI = brief pain inventory; (FACT-B+4) = functional evaluation of chronic illness therapy breast cancer questionnaire; QLQ-BR23 = quality of life questionnaire module for breast cancer patients; SF-36 = short form questionnaire; VAS = visual analogue scales; PSPP = physical self-perception profile; BIRS = body image and relationships scale; DFS = disease free survival; OS = overall survival; DDFS = distant DFS; RFI = recurrence-free interval; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IL-1Ra = interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; IGF-II = insulin-like growth factor II; IGF-I = insulin-like growth factor I; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha; NK = natural killer; NKT = natural killer invariant; ↑ significant increase; ↓ significant decrease; ↔ without changes; (↑) no significant increase; NP = not reported.