Figure 2.

Variability of 13 COVID-19 comorbidities and influenza shares of death (SODs) and compound annual growth rates between 2011 and 2016 (CAGR) across 28 European Union countries and for two population categories: the total population and the population aged above 65 years. (A) (1) Share of death represents the percentage of deaths attributed to a specific cause of death in the total number of deaths (measured in %). (2) The t-test statistic applied to dependent samples has shown that SOD means are statistically significantly different between total population and population aged ≥ 65 years for 10 out of the 13 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) comorbidities and for influenza (p < 0.05). The exceptions are blood diseases, nervous system diseases, and asthma (p > 0.05). (B) (1) SOD variabilities for ischemic heart diseases, other heart diseases, and other circulatory diseases were the highest across EU countries, while asthma and blood diseases had the lowest variability. The growth rate of comorbidities’ SOD (CAGR) varied between countries and comorbidities; only three diseases have seen, on average, a decline in SOD for both population categories: cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases, and blood diseases. (2) Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) represents the compound annual growth rate in shares of death between 2011 and 2011. (3) The t-test statistic applied to dependent samples has shown that CAGR means are statistically significantly different between the total population and the population aged ≥ 65 years for 8 out of the 13 COVID-19 comorbidities and for influenza (p < 0.05). The exceptions are other endocrine diseases, other heart diseases, asthma, other digestive diseases, and genitourinary diseases (p > 0.05).