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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Appl Energy Mater. 2019;2(12):https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b01443.

Table 3.

SANS Peak Positions and Power Law Fitting of Low-Q Region for Pristine Nafion and Nafion Nanocomposite Membranes Containing SiNPs at wNP = 5%

functionalization crystalline
 ionomer
 low Q
peak position [Å−1] d-spacing [nm] peak position [Å−1] d-spacing [nm] power law exponent α
no SiNPs
pristine Nafion 0.0584 10.8 0.141 4.45
no functionalization
UF-SiNP 0.0517 12.2 0.141 4.45 3.27
sulfonic acid
AS-SiNP 0.0504 12.5 0.141 4.45 3.32
PS-SiNP 0.0490 12.8 0.152 4.14 4.32
LS-SiNP 0.0598 10.5 0.146 4.29 3.37
amine
TA-SiNP 0.0450 14.0 0.141 4.45 3.84
AA-SiNP 0.0517 12.2 0.141 4.45 3.57
PA-SiNP 0.0490 12.8 0.141 4.45
LA-SiNP 0.0450 14.0 0.141 4.45 4.07