Table 4.
Studies aPDT in caries disinfection.
| Citation [ref] | Type of Study/Number of Samples | Test/Control Groups | Laser + PS Used (PS Concentration) | aPDT Protocol/Number of Sessions | Follow-Up | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alves et al. (2019) [48] | Split mouth RCT/20 patients (6–8 yrs)/occlusal surfaces homologous primary molars (20 teeth per group) (microbiological repeated measurements before/after) Rubber Dam used |
Selective caries removal + aPDT/Selective caries removal Deep restoration Dycal and Ketac Molar in both groups |
660 nm + MB (0.05 mg/mL) | Five minutes incubation time, wash with water, 100 mW, 180 s irradiation time, 640 J/cm2/1 session: day 0 | 6 months | After caries removal S.mutans 76% reduction (p = 0.04) After caries removal + aPDT S.mutans 92.6% reduction (p = 0.01) p < 0.05 between groups, no secondary caries in either group |
| Bargrizan et al. (2019) [49] | Parallel control RCT/56 patients (5–6 y) severe early childhood caries (Salivary S.mutans) | aPDT (14 patients)/TBO alone (14 patients), Laser alone (14 patients), Negative control (14 patients) | 633 nm + TBO (0.1 mg/mL) | Kept in mouth for 5 min incubation time, spit, 20 mW, 5 min total irradiation (60 s tongue 60 s palate 90 s maxilla buccal mucosa 90 s mandibula buccal mucosa, klo4 output nozzle 1 cm2 area, 6 J/cm2/2 sessions: day 0, 3 |
2 weeks | Significant reduction in Salivary S.mutans in test group compared to all groups. Before second intervention S.mutans levels rising. Two interventions advisable |
| Ornellas et al. (2018) [50] | Microbiological repeated measurements/18 primary molars | Selective caries removal + aPDT/Selective caries removal Sampling before + after aPDT |
660 nm + MB (0.1 mg/mL) | Five minutes incubation time, removal with sterile cotton, 100 mW, 90 s irradiation time, 3 mm2 spot, 300 J/cm2/1 session: day 0 | Bacteria before/after | Reduction of log1 in Strep spp., Lactobacillus spp. and mutans streptococci Not significant |
| Steiner-Oliveira et al. (2015) [51] | Parallel-control RCT/32 patients (5–7 y) with partial caries removal in primary molars Rubber Dam used |
aPDT (10 patients)/LED aPDT (10 patients)/CHX (12 patients) Sampling before/after partial caries removal |
660 nm + MB (0.1 mg/mL) | Five minutes incubation time, wash with water, 100 mW, 90 s irradiation time, 320 J/cm2, Powermeter used/1 session: day 0 | 12 months | No significant difference between groups aPDT group: Log1 reduction in total bacteria count |
| Guglielmi et al. (2011) [52] | Microbiological repeated measurements/26 permanent molars Rubber Dam used |
Selective caries removal + aPDT/Selective caries removal Sampling before + after aPDT |
660 nm + MB (0.1 mg/mL) | Five minutes incubation time, no wash, 100 mW, 0.028 cm2 spot size, 9 J, 90 s irradiation, perpendicular to occlusal surface, one point to the center, 320 J/cm2, Power meter used/1 session: day 0 | Bacteria before/after | Log10 reduction: 1.38 for mutans streptococci (p < 0.0001), 0.93 for Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.0001), 0.91 for total viable bacteria (p < 0.0001) |