| 4-HNE | 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal |
| 5-FU | 5-fluorouracil |
| Arg1 | Arginase 1 |
| CAC | Colitis-associated cancer |
| CCL | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand |
| CCR | Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor |
| CD | Cluster of Differentiation |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| Cpg-ODN | CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide |
| CRC | Colorectal cancer |
| CSF1R | Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor |
| CTLA- A | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 |
| CXCL | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand |
| DCLK1 | Doublecortin-like kinase 1 |
| DCs | Dendritic cells |
| dMMR | DNA mismatch-repair |
| DSS | Dextran sulfate sodium |
| EMT | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| EP | Prostaglandin E receptor |
| FadA | Fusubacterium adhesin A |
| Fap | Fatty-acid-binding protein 2 |
| FMT | Faecal microbiota transplantation |
| HLA | Human leukocyte antigen |
| HLA-DR | Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR |
| IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| ICBs | Immune checkpoint blockers |
| ICD | Immunogenic cell death |
| IDO | Indoleamina 2,3-diossigenasi |
| IFN | Interferon |
| IKK | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B inhibitor kinase |
| IL | Interleukin |
| IL1R | Interleukin 1 receptor |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| MDSCs | Myeloid-derived suppressor cells |
| M-MDSCs | Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells |
| MSI-H | Microsatellite instability-high |
| MSI-L | Microsatellite instability-low |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| NK | Natural killer cells |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| NOS2 | Nitric oxide synthase 2 |
| NOX 2 | NADPH oxidase 2 |
| NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| OMVs | Outer membrane vesicles |
| PD-1 | Programmed-death protein 1 |
| PD-L1 | PD-1 ligand |
| PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
| POL | DNA polymerase |
| Rad DRNS | Arginine-inhibitable adhesinReactive nitrogen species |
| ROSSCFA | Reactive oxygen speciesShort-chain fatty acids |
| scRNA-Seq | Single cell RNA-Seq |
| Sirpα | Signal-regulatory protein α |
| Stat3 | Transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| TAMs | Tumor-associated macrophages |
| TGF | Transforming growth factor |
| Th | T helper |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| TMB | Tumor mutational burden |
| TME | Tumor microenvironment |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| TRMs | Tissue-resident macrophages |